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covalent compound properties
poor conductors; low MP and BP; solids are soft, low solubility, high flammability, low density
isotopes
Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons
ions
positively and negatively charged atoms
Giant covalent structure
A structure with many atoms joined to each other by lots of strong, covalent bonds giving a high melting point and (except for graphite) poor electrical conductivity.
transition elements
elements in groups 3-12
element
A pure substance made of only one kind of atom
atomic number
the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
valency electrons
electrons in the outer shell of an atom
metals
Elements that are good conductors of electric current and heat.
non-metals
Low conductivity, not ductile, not malleable, brittle, dull, gas at room temp
compounds
made of atoms of different elements bonded together
ionic bond
A chemical bond resulting from the attraction between oppositely charged ions.
ionic compound properties
-High Melting / Boiling points
-When solid it can't conduct electricity
-Dissolve easily in water
covalent bond
A chemical bond formed when two atoms share electrons
Molecule
two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds
double bond, triple bond
a covalent bond where two pairs or three pairs of electrons are shared between two atoms
allotropes
two or more different molecular forms of the same element in the same physical state
Group 1: Alkali Metals properties
extremely reactive, softer metals, low melting point
Group 7 Halogens
-As you go down Group 7 the Halogens:
-Less reactive (because its harder to gain an extra electron, because the outer shells further from the nucleus)
-Higher melting and boiling point
Group 8A: Noble Gases
-Least reactive (inert gases)
-Stable electron configurations (all sublevels filled)
-All elements want a configuration like that of a noble gas due to stability
hydroxide
OH-
Nitrate
NO3-
Hydrogen carbonate
HCO3-
Carbonate
CO3 charge -2
Sulfate
SO4 charge -2
Phosphate
PO4 charge -3
Ammonium
NH4+
