Pediatric Growth and Development

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering developmental milestones, physical growth patterns, and psychosocial theories from birth through adolescence.

Early adolescence

The developmental stage occurring between the ages of $10-13$ years.

Middle adolescence

The developmental stage occurring between the ages of $15-17$ years.

Late adolescence

The developmental stage occurring between the ages of $18-21$ years.

Peak height velocity (Girls)

The age at which girls typically reach their maximum growth rate, occurring at approximately $12$ years.

Peak height velocity (Boys)

The age at which boys typically reach their maximum growth rate, occurring at approximately $14$ years.

Menarche

The first menstrual period, occurring at an average age of $12$ years with a normal range of $9-16$ years.

Initiative vs. Guilt

Erikson's psychosocial stage associated with preschool-aged children.

Industry vs. Inferiority

Erikson's psychosocial stage associated with school-age children.

Brain growth completion

The physical milestone where brain growth is complete, occurring at age $10$.

Newborn weight loss

Newborns may lose up to $10\%$ of their birth weight but should return to their birth weight by $2$ weeks.

Weight doubling/tripling

An infant's birth weight typically doubles by $4-6$ months and triples by $12$ months.

Anterior fontanel closure

The anatomical closure of the anterior fontanel, which occurs by $18$ months of age.

Tripod sit

A gross motor milestone achieved by infants at $6$ months of age.

Sits unsupported

A gross motor milestone achieved by infants at $9$ months of age.

Cruising

The gross motor skill of walking while holding onto furniture, typically achieved at $12$ months.

Fine pincer grasp

A fine motor skill achieved by an infant at $12$ months of age.

Object permanence

The cognitive understanding that objects continue to exist even when not visible, fully present by about $8$ months of age.

Moro reflex

A primitive reflex present at birth that disappears by approximately $4$ months.

Babinski reflex

A primitive reflex that disappears by approximately $12$ months.

Echolalia

The repetition of words or phrases, common during toddlerhood.

24-month Expressive Language

The developmental milestone characterized by a vocabulary of $50$ words and the use of two-word sentences.

Tanner Stages

A scale used to assess the physical development and sexual maturity of children and adolescents.

Acrocyanosis

A condition resulting in bluish discoloration of the hands and feet, often seen first in newborns.

Trust versus Mistrust

Erikson's first psychosocial stage, occurring from birth to $1$ year, where caregivers respond to an infant's basic needs.