TOPIC 2: EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY- 2.1 THE VENTILATORY SYSTEM/ IB SEHS

list the principle structures of the ventilatory system

nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, diaphragm, alveoli, lungs

what are the functions of the conducting airways?

low resistance pathway for airflow, defense against chemicals and other harmful substances inhaled, warming and moistening air

pulmonary ventilation

movement of air in and out of lungw

total lung capacity (TLC)

the amount of air in the lungs after a maximal inspiration

vital capacity (VC)

the amount of air than can be e

expiratory reserve volume (ERV)

the amount of air an individual can exhale beyond a tidal expiration

inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)

the amount of air than an individual can inhale above a tidal inspiration

residual volume (RV)

the amount of air remaining in the lungs after a maximal exhalation

inhalation (passive)

diaphragm contracts and lowers, rib cage moves upwards and outwards, pressure inside lungs drops, air rushes to lungs

exhalation (active)

diaphragm relaxes and turns to a dome shape, ribcage move downwards and inwards, pressure inside lungs increases, air forced out of lungs

describe the nervous and chemical control of ventilation during excercise

ventilation increases because blood acidity levels increase, increasing the rate and depth of ventilation, the respiratory centre is in the medulla oblongata which sends messages to the ventilatory muscles and neural control of ventilation is taken

what is the role of hemoglobin in oxygen transport

98.5% of oxygen in the blood is transported by the hemoglobin as oxyhemoglobin within red blood cells

what is the gaseous exchange?

the delivery of oxygen from the lungs to the bloodstream and elimination of carbon dioxide from the bloodstream to the lungs

gas exchange in the alveoli

oxygen from the inhaled air diffuses through wallks and into capillaries to red blood cells, red blood cells carry the oxygen to the body, carbon dioxide retur

adaptations of the alveoli

walls are on cell thick, folded providing a larger surface area, surrounded by capillary which allows for good blood supply