Système endocrinien P2-fusionné

What is the main function of the hypothalamus in the endocrine system?

It acts as an important regulatory center and stores oxytocin and ADH.

Which hormones does the adenohypophysis secrete?

hGH, PRL, TSH, ACTH, MSH, LH, and FSH.

What is the role of growth hormone (hGH)?

It promotes cell growth, proliferation, and repair, particularly in skeletal muscles and bones.

What stimulates the secretion of hGH?

Deep sleep, fasting, hypoglycemia, physical exercise, and stress.

How does hGH affect glucose levels in the blood?

It has a hyperglycemic effect by promoting the release of glucose from hepatocytes.

What are the consequences of hGH hypo secretion?

Hypopituitary dwarfism.

What are the consequences of hGH hypersecretion during childhood?

Gigantism.

What condition is associated with hGH hypersecretion in adults?

Acromegaly.

What stimulates the release of TSH from the adenohypophysis?

Thyrotropic hormone or TRH from the hypothalamus.

What hormones are produced by the thyroid gland?

Thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3).

What effect do T3 and T4 have on metabolism?

They accelerate basal metabolic rates and the utilization of glucose and fatty acids.

How does the body respond to low blood calcium levels?

The parathyroid hormone (PTH) increases calcium levels in the blood.

What hormone is secreted by parafollicular cells of the thyroid?

Calcitonin.

What triggers the release of calcitonin?

An increase in blood calcium levels.

What are the main functions of the adrenal cortex?

Producing cortisol, aldosterone, and androgens.

How does cortisol affect blood glucose levels?

It increases blood glucose levels through gluconeogenesis and by breaking down fats and proteins.

What is the role of glucagon in blood sugar regulation?

It increases blood glucose levels by promoting glycogen breakdown and gluconeogenesis.

What effect does insulin have on blood glucose levels?

It decreases blood glucose levels by promoting its uptake and storage as glycogen.

What physiological changes does adrenaline cause during stress?

Increased heart rate, blood pressure, muscle contraction, and blood glucose levels.

What is the primary function of the pancreas related to hormones?

Regulating blood glucose levels through the secretion of insulin and glucagon.

How do eicosanoids function in the body?

They are involved in a range of functions, including inflammation and cellular signaling.

What is the role of the pineal gland?

It secretes melatonin, which regulates sleep-wake cycles.

How do endocrine disruptors affect hormonal balance?

They can mimic hormones, block receptors, or interfere with hormonal pathways.

What are some characteristics of Type 1 diabetes?

Autoimmune destruction of beta cells, resulting in insulin dependence.

What is a common complication of diabetes?

Neuropathy, retinopathy, and increased risk of cardiovascular disease.

What factors can lead to hyperthyroidism?

Autoimmune disease, benign tumors, and high TSH levels.

What are some symptoms of hypothyroidism?

Fatigue, weight gain, cold intolerance, and muscle weakness.

What is the relationship between aging and hormone levels?

Aging is associated with decreased levels of various hormones, affecting metabolism and tissue health.

What two hormones are produced by the adrenal medulla?

Adrenaline and noradrenaline.

What must be measured regularly by diabetic patients using an insulin pump?

Blood glucose levels.

What is the effect of chronic elevation of cortisol levels?

It can lead to weight gain, insulin resistance, and decreased immune function.