A methodical, logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem (contrasts with faster but more error prone use of heuristics)
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Heuristic
a simple thinking strategy that often allows us to make judgments and solve problems efficiently (usually speedier but also more error-prone than algorithms)
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insight
a sudden realization of a problem's solution (contrasts with strategy-based solutions)
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confirmation bias
a tendency to search for information that supports our preconceptions and to ignore or distort contradictory evidence
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mental set
a tendency to approach a problem in one particular way, often a way that has been successful in the past
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intuition
an effortless, immediate, automatic feeling or thought, as contrasted with explicit, conscious reasoning
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Representatativeness heuristic
estimating the likelihood of events in terms of how well they seem to represent, or match, particular prototypes (may lead us to ignore other relevant information)
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availability heuristic
estimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory. if instances come readily to mind (perhaps because of their vividness), we presume such events are common
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Overconfidence
the tendency to be more confident than correct or to overestimate the accuracy of our beliefs and judgments
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belief perseverance
clinging to one's initial conceptions after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited
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Framing
the way an issue is posed or how an issue is framed can significantly affect decisions and judgments
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