Fluids and Electrolytes: Key Vocabulary

This set of flashcards covers key vocabulary related to fluids, electrolytes, and acid-base imbalances that are essential for understanding nursing practices and patient care.

What percentage of an adult's body weight is typically Total Body Water (TBW)?
(A) 70%
(B) 60%
(C) 50%
(D) 80%

(B) 60%

Intracellular Fluid (ICF) constitutes approximately what percentage of total body water?
(A) 67%
(B) 60%
(C) 75%
(D) 50%

(A) 67%

Interstitial Fluid makes up approximately what percentage of total body water?
(A) 15%
(B) 30%
(C) 20%
(D) 25%

(D) 25%

Plasma Volume accounts for roughly what percentage of total body water?
(A) 10%
(B) 8%
(C) 5%
(D) 12%

(B) 8%

Which condition is characterized by an elevated sodium concentration in the blood?
(A) Hyperkalemia
(B) Hyponatremia
(C) Hypernatremia
(D) Hypocalcemia

(C) Hypernatremia

Which condition is characterized by a low sodium concentration in the blood?
(A) Hypermagnesemia
(B) Hyponatremia
(C) Hypernatremia
(D) Hypokalemia

(B) Hyponatremia

Which condition is defined by low potassium levels in the blood?
(A) Hypercalcemia
(B) Hyperkalemia
(C) Hypokalemia
(D) Hyponatremia

(C) Hypokalemia

Which condition is defined by high potassium levels in the blood?
(A) Hypokalemia
(B) Hypernatremia
(C) Hypomagnesemia
(D) Hyperkalemia

(D) Hyperkalemia

What is a deficiency of magnesium in the blood called?
(A) Hypomagnesemia
(B) Hyperkalemia
(C) Hypocalcemia
(D) Hypermagnesemia

(A) Hypomagnesemia

What is an excess of magnesium in the blood called?
(A) Hypernatremia
(B) Hypermagnesemia
(C) Hypomagnesemia
(D) Hypokalemia

(B) Hypermagnesemia

Which condition is characterized by low calcium levels in the blood?
(A) Hypocalcemia
(B) Hypercalcemia
(C) Hypomagnesemia
(D) Hyponatremia

(A) Hypocalcemia

Which condition is characterized by high calcium levels in the blood?
(A) Hyperkalemia
(B) Hypercalcemia
(C) Hypernatremia
(D) Hypocalcemia

(B) Hypercalcemia

Acidosis due to an excess of acid or a loss of bicarbonate is known as:
(A) Metabolic Acidosis
(B) Respiratory Alkalosis
(C) Respiratory Acidosis
(D) Metabolic Alkalosis

(A) Metabolic Acidosis

Alkalosis due to an excess of base or a loss of acid is known as:
(A) Metabolic Alkalosis
(B) Respiratory Alkalosis
(C) Metabolic Acidosis
(D) Respiratory Acidosis

(A) Metabolic Alkalosis

A state resulting from an accumulation of carbon dioxide due to inadequate ventilation is called:
(A) Metabolic Alkalosis
(B) Respiratory Alkalosis
(C) Respiratory Acidosis
(D) Metabolic Acidosis

(C) Respiratory Acidosis

A state caused by loss of carbon dioxide due to hyperventilation is called:
(A) Metabolic Alkalosis
(B) Respiratory Alkalosis
(C) Respiratory Acidosis
(D) Metabolic Acidosis

(B) Respiratory Alkalosis

In Fluid Spacing, which term describes fluid accumulation in an area where it is not easily exchanged with the rest of the extracellular fluid?
(A) 1st spacing
(B) 3rd spacing
(C) 2nd spacing
(D) 4th spacing

(B) 3rd spacing

Solutions that have the same osmotic pressure as body fluids and cause no net movement of water are known as:
(A) Hypotonic Solutions
(B) Hypertonic Solutions
(C) Colloids
(D) Isotonic Solutions

(D) Isotonic Solutions

Which type of solutions have a higher osmotic pressure than body fluids, causing fluid to move out of the cells?
(A) Hypotonic Solutions
(B) Crystalloids
(C) Isotonic Solutions
(D) Hypertonic Solutions

(D) Hypertonic Solutions

Which type of solutions have a lower osmotic pressure than body fluids, causing fluid to move into the cells?
(A) Hypertonic Solutions
(B) Hypotonic Solutions
(C) Colloids
(D) Isotonic Solutions

(B) Hypotonic Solutions

What is a positively charged ion called?
(A) Electrolyte
(B) Buffer
(C) Cation
(D) Anion

(C) Cation

What is a negatively charged ion called?
(A) Electrolyte
(B) Cation
(C) Protein
(D) Anion

(D) Anion

What is the pressure exerted by proteins in the blood plasma that helps to pull water into the circulatory system?
(A) Blood Pressure
(B) Colloid Oncotic Pressure
(C) Osmotic Pressure
(D) Hydrostatic Pressure

(B) Colloid Oncotic Pressure

Which solutions contain water and electrolytes and are commonly used for fluid replacement?
(A) Hypertonic solutions
(B) Colloids
(C) Crystalloids
(D) Isotonic solutions

(C) Crystalloids

Which solutions contain large molecules that provide oncotic pressure and stabilize blood volume?
(A) Hypotonic solutions
(B) Electrolytes
(C) Crystalloids
(D) Colloids

(D) Colloids

What test measures the levels of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and the acidity (pH) of arterial blood?
(A) Urinalysis
(B) Arterial Blood Gas (ABG)
(C) Basic Metabolic Panel (BMP)
(D) Complete Blood Count (CBC)

(B) Arterial Blood Gas (ABG)

What is the condition called when the pH of the blood is less than 7.35?
(A) Alkalosis
(B) Neutral pH
(C) Hypercapnia
(D) Acidosis

(D) Acidosis

What is the condition called when the pH of the blood is greater than 7.45?
(A) Hypoxemia
(B) Acidosis
(C) Alkalosis
(D) Isotonic pH

(C) Alkalosis

Which chemical buffer in the blood helps maintain pH balance?
(A) Potassium (K+)
(B) Bicarbonate (HCO3−)
(C) Sodium (Na+)
(D) Chloride (Cl-)

(B) Bicarbonate (HCO3−)

What is an isotonic solution of 0.9% sodium chloride commonly used in IV therapy called?
(A) Normal Saline (NS)
(B) Dextrose 5% in Water (D5W)
(C) Half-Normal Saline (0.45% NS)
(D) Lactated Ringer's

(A) Normal Saline (NS)

What is an abnormality in the concentration of electrolytes in the body, which can impact various bodily functions, called?
(A) Fluid overload
(B) Dehydration
(C) Acid-base disorder< (D) Electrolyte Imbalance

(D) Electrolyte Imbalance

What is the process by which water moves across a semipermeable membrane from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration?
(A) Active Transport
(B) Diffusion
(C) Osmosis
(D) Filtration

(C) Osmosis

What method assesses fluid balance by measuring weight at the same time each day, ideally in the morning?
(A) Daily Weights
(B) Blood Pressure Monitoring
(C) Intake/Output Monitoring
(D) Urine Specific Gravity

(A) Daily Weights