Chapter 3: Data

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19 Terms

1

Bits

are grouped to represent abstractions.

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2

Abstractions

find common features to generalize the program.

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3

analog signal

has values that change smoothly over time, rather than in discrete intervals.

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4

digital signal

is an analog signal that has been broken up into steps.

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5

variable

is an abstraction inside a program that can hold a value.

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6

value

can be a list or other collection that, in turn, contains multiple values.

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7

overflow error

occurs when the result of a computation is too large for the available storage space.

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8

roundoff error

occurs when decimals (real numbers) are rounded.

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9

Data compression

is reducing the size (number of bits) of transmitted or stored data.

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10

Digital data compression

often involves trade-offs in quality versus storage requirements.

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11

Lossy compression

can significantly reduce the file size while decreasing resolution.

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12

Lossless data compression

no data are lost.

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13

Information

is the collection of facts and patterns extracted from data.

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14

Cleaning data

is a process that makes the data uniform without changing their meaning.

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15

Predicting algorithms

use information collected from big data to influence our daily lives.

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16

Visualization

tools can communicate information about data.

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17

Privacy concerns

arise through the mass collection of data

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18

Geolocation

when used within a program, helps you find the approximate geographic location of an IP address along with some other useful information, including ISP, time zone, area code, state, and so on.

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19

Metadata

are data that describe your data

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