BIO 24 Help for Lab Quiz 2 ECG

Vocabulary flashcards covering cardiovascular physiology, blood pressure measurement, Korotkoff sounds, MAP, and EKG/ECG waveforms.

Blood Pressure

The force exerted by the blood on the walls of a blood vessel, usually measured in a large artery.

Systolic Pressure

The blood pressure measured when the ventricle is contracting.

Diastolic Pressure

The blood pressure measured when the ventricle is relaxing.

Sphygmomanometer

A blood pressure measuring device.

Stethoscope

An instrument that is used to listen to a person's internal sounds such as heart, breathing, or Korotkoff sounds.

Pulse Pressure

The difference between the systolic and diastolic pressure readings measured in $\text{mmHg}$, representing the force that the heart generates each time it contracts.

Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP)

The average arterial pressure during a single cardiac cycle, defined and calculated as $\text{MAP} = \text{Diastolic pressure} + \frac{\text{Pulse pressure}}{3}$.

Korotkoff Sounds

Tapping sounds that occur within an artery when blood pressure is being measured.

Blood Pressure Categories Chart

A chart classifying blood pressure levels into Low, Ideal blood pressure, Pre-high blood pressure, and High blood pressure based on systolic and diastolic measurements.

Vascular Blood Pressure Diagram

A diagram demonstrating the directional force exerted by circulating blood on arterial vessel walls.

Blood Pressure Measurement Process Chart

An illustration of the stages of blood pressure measurement showing brachial artery occlusion, blood flow status, and presence of Korotkoff sounds across different cuff pressures.

EKG or ECG Waveform Diagram

An electrocardiogram trace illustrating the P wave, QRS complex, and T wave corresponding to atrial and ventricular electrical cycles.

P Wave

The EKG component that represents atrial depolarization.

QRS Complex

The EKG component that represents ventricular depolarization.

T Wave

The EKG component that represents ventricular repolarization.

Atrial Depolarization

An electrical event represented by the P wave on an EKG, which is followed by atrial contraction (systole).

Ventricular Depolarization

An electrical event represented by the QRS complex on an EKG, which is followed by ventricular contraction (systole).

Ventricular Repolarization

An electrical event represented by the T wave on an EKG, which is followed by ventricular relaxation (diastole).

Cuff Pressure Above Systolic

Stage where cuff pressure is higher than systolic pressure, keeping the brachial artery closed so no blood flows and no sounds are audible.

Cuff Pressure Between Systolic and Diastolic

Stage where cuff pressure is between systolic and diastolic pressure, keeping the brachial artery partially open so blood spurts through and tapping sounds are audible.

Cuff Pressure Below Diastolic

Stage where cuff pressure is below diastolic pressure, leaving the brachial artery fully open so blood flows smoothly and sounds disappear.

Importance of Maintaining Normal Blood Pressure

Blood pressure must be high enough to pump blood to the brain, but cannot be too high because high pressure can destroy the walls of blood vessels, causing them to rupture.