Chemistry HN Unit 8 Vocab

Avogadro's Law

Equals volume of all gases at the same temperature and pressure contain the same number of molecules or moles.

Combined Gas Law

Expresses relationships between changes in pressure, volume, and temperature. P1v1t2 = p2v2t1.

Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures

At constant volume and temperature, the total pressure exerted by a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the component gases. Pt = p1 + p2 + p3...

Graham's Law of Effusion

The rate of effusion of a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of its molar mass. Rate a/Rate b = sqrt(mm b/mm a).

ideal gas

Hypothetical gas that does not really exist in the environment.

Ideal Gas Law

Modifies the combined gas law to calculate the number of moles of gas. PV = nRT.

Kinetic Molecular Theory

Gas particles are in constant motion. All matter is composed of small particles which have space between them and are in random motion.

mole fraction

X = n1 / nT, where n1 is the moles of individual gas and nT is the total moles of all gases in the mixture.

pressure

Measure of the number and force of collisions. Depends on the area over which the force is applied.

real gas

Gaseous compound that really exists in the environment.

temperature

Measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles.