Molecular Biology Techniques Lecture 2 - Application of MBT Flashcards

These flashcards cover key concepts, principles, techniques, and applications discussed in the lecture on Molecular Biology Techniques.

The principle of __ is fundamental to Molecular Biology.

Biology that describes the molecular basis of genes and their functions.

__ is a technology that allows for the joining of DNA fragments into a single DNA molecule.

Genetic Engineering.

__ refers to DNA profiling used for identification purposes.

DNA Fingerprinting.

Molecular __ focuses on using molecular biology techniques to diagnose and treat diseases at the molecular level.

Medicine.

The process of __ involves generating multiple copies of a specific DNA fragment.

Molecular Cloning.

The __ technique is used to amplify specific DNA sequences.

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR).

Reverse __ converts mRNA to cDNA.

Transcriptase.

__ are enzymes that cut DNA at specific recognition sites.

Restriction Endonucleases.

In gene therapy, vectors are used to deliver therapeutic genes to the patient.

Viral.

The principal application of Genetic Engineering is the __ of genes for various uses.

Cloning.

The __ test determines genetic compatibility between individuals.

Genetic Compatibility.

__ technology is used for producing insulin and other medicinal products.

Recombinant DNA.

The process of __ involves the extraction of nucleic acids from biological samples.

Nucleic Acid Extraction.

DNA __ refers to identifying the order of nucleotides in a DNA molecule.

Sequencing.

The __ of DNA is crucial for sensitive biological applications.

Quality.

Genomic DNA contains the __ information of an organism.

Genetic.

In molecular diagnostics, __ refers to the analysis and treatment of infectious diseases.

Molecular Pathology.

__ vectors are used to carry foreign DNA fragments into host organisms for cloning.

Cloning.

Applications of molecular biology techniques include __ for paternity testing.

Genetic Ancestry Testing.

Nucleases are enzymes that act on DNA to ensure correct __ and repair during replication.

Proofreading.

DNA __ is a common method for identifying pathogens in clinical specimens.

Fingerprinting.

PCR is commonly used in __ to duplicate DNA sequences.

Gene Cloning.

Sticky ends and blunt ends are terms used to describe types of DNA __.

Cuts.

Transgenetic Technology involves the __ of genes from one organism to another.

Transfer.

Alkaline __ removes phosphate groups from nucleic acids.

Phosphatase.

Nucleic acids can be extracted from __ sources such as blood and tissues.

Biological.

Genetic __ tests are useful in determining hereditary diseases in patients.

Testing.

__ refers to techniques that are used to visualize DNA through gel electrophoresis.

Electrophoresis.

In eukaryotic cells, DNA wraps around proteins to form __.

Chromosomes.

An ideal vector should contain a(n) __ replication origin to propagate in host cells.

Origin.

__ cloning uses modified viruses or plasmids as vectors for gene insertion.

Molecular.

The __ is a measure of the size of DNA fragments.

Base Pair.

DNA ligase is responsible for joining __ fragments together during DNA replication.

Okazaki.

__ technology involves analyzing genetic material from samples to identify specific organisms.

Molecular Diagnostic.

The base pair rules dictate that adenine pairs with __ and guanine pairs with cytosine.

Thymine.

In forensic science, DNA fingerprints are used to establish __ in criminal cases.

Identity.

__ therapy aims to correct genetic disorders by replacing faulty genes with healthy ones.

Gene.

PCR is a method used in __ to amplify DNA segments.

Gene Cloning.

__ testing helps determine if two individuals are biologically related.

Paternity.

Molecular Biology techniques are essential in __, enabling precision in medical treatments.

Healthcare.

Genetic __ refers to the map that shows the locations of restriction sites on a DNA molecule.

Mapping.

__ screening is an important process for detecting diseases such as cancer.

Genetic.

The __ method involves using restriction enzymes to cut DNA at specific locations.

Restriction Enzyme.

The process of __ is often used in the context of producing transgenic organisms.

Transgenesis.

Molecular medicine incorporates __ to understand and treat diseases.

Genomics.

The __ sequences in the genome of an organism can vary widely among individuals.

Repetitive.

DNA polymerase is responsible for synthesizing new DNA during __.

Replication.

Gene __ involves using vectors to introduce genes into host organisms.

Transfer.

DNA fingerprinting's uniqueness comes from __ regions in non-coding DNA.

Variable.

PCR may be employed for amplifying DNA from __ samples such as saliva or hair.

Trace.

__ disease refers to conditions that are inherited genetically, like sickle-cell anemia.

Hereditary.

Gel __ is performed after PCR to analyze the size of DNA fragments.

Electrophoresis.

The __ of various species can provide insight into evolutionary relationships.

Genomes.

In gene cloning, the __ site of a vector is where the foreign DNA is inserted.

Multiple Cloning.

__ in DNA refer to the specific sequences that are recognized and cut by restriction enzymes.

Recognition Sites.

The field of __ involves studying the role of microorganisms in health and disease.

Microbiology.

DNA __ can be used in agricultural biotechnology to create genetically modified crops.

Engineering.

Molecular Biology research includes __ detection for infectious diseases.

Pathogen.

The use of __ such as CRISPR is a significant advancement in genetic engineering.

Gene Editing Tools.