★ microbio ; final content DRUGS (bio116)

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polyene examples

amphotericin B, nystatin, natamycin

polyene mechanism of action

cell membrane permeability: directly binds to ergosterol → loss of membrane integrity

azole examples

fluconazole. itraconazole, posaconazole, voriconazole, ketoconazole, clotrimazole, miconazole

azoles mechanism of action

cell membrane permeability; ergosterol biosynthesis pathway by targeting 14a—lanosterol demethylase

echinocandin examples

caspofungin, micafungin, anidulafungin

echinocandin mechanism of action

block critical enzymes involved in construction of fungal cell wall, such as glucan synthase

nucleoside analog examples

flucytosine, griseofulvin

nucleoside analog mechanism of action

inhibit nucleic acid synthesis, disrupt microtubule functions

allylamines

naftifine, terbinafine, tolnaftate

allylamines mechanism of action

inhibit the ERG1 gene of ergosterol biosynthesis

other antifungal drugs

aurones, ciclopirox, haloprogin, miltefosine, orotomide

other antifungal drugs mechanism of action

inhibit cell membrane respiration processes, morphogenesis, ergosterol

common treatment for herpesviruses

valacyclovir (valtrex)

valacyclovir brand name

valtrex

HIV protease inhibitors mechanism of action

block maturation step in viral life cycle

acyclovir (zorirax) virus target

treats herpes simplex and chickenpox

acyclovir brand name

zovirax

famciclovir virus target

treats herpes zoster

nirmatrelvir/ritonavir

a oral antiviral for COVID-19

nirmatrelvir/ritonavir brand name

paxlovid

remdesivir

a intravenous antiviral for COVID-19

molnupiravir

a oral capsule for COVID-19

remdesivir brand name

veklury

entecavir/tenofovir virus target

primary choice for chronic infections with hepatitis B

sofosbuvir target virus

antiviral for chronic hepatitis C treatment

sofobuvir brand name

sovaldi

ribavirin

treatment for hepatitis C

dolutegravir (tivicay)

antiretroviral for HIV/AIDS that is a integrase inhibitor

abacavir/lamivudine/tenofovir target

antiretroviral for HIV/AIDS that is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (nrti)

rilipivirine

antiretroviral for HIV/AIDS that is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (nnrti)

dolutegravir brand name

tivicay

ganciclovir/valganciclovir

common treatment for cytomegalovirus (CMV)

cidofovir/foscarnet

alternative therapy treatment for cytomegalovirus (CMV)

oseltamivir

pill/liquid for treatment + prevention for influenza

zanamivir

inhaled power for early treatment for influenza

peramivir

intravenous treatment for influenza

baloxavir marboxil

single-dose pill for influenza

amantadine/rimantadine

older agents for influenza A

oseltamivir brand name

tamiflu

zanamivir brand name

relenza

peramivir brand name

rapivab

baloxavir marboxil brand name

xofluza

what stages of the phage life cycle do drugs target for flu?

release, uncoating

common drug class treatment for herpesviruses

nucleoside analogs

HIV RT inhibitors

a group of drugs that target reverse transcription; specifically NRTI or NNRTI

what viruses can be treated with RT inhibitors?

HBV and HIV

amantadine/rimantadine mechanism of action

targets uncoating stage of viral life cycle against flu

what virus(es) are targeted at attachment?

HIV

what virus(es) are targeted at penetration?

HIV and HSV-1

what viruses do nucleoside analogs target?

HCV and herpesviruses

T/F : tenofovir targets both HIB and HBV

true

tenofovir mechanism of action

RT inhibitor for HBV and HIV (NRTI)