topic 6: drug discovery & development pt 1

what is the definition of a drug?

any substance that brings about a change in biological function through its chemical actions

what are the 2 uses of drugs?

medicinal treatment prevention

non-medicinal recreational purposes

what are biopharmaceutical drugs?

produced by biological/living sources using biotechnology

biopharmaceutical drugs: size and examples

typically large complex molecules

vaccine insulin

what are pharmaceutical drugs?

produced from a chemical synthesis reaction

pharmaceutical drugs: size and example

typically small molecules

aspirin paracetamol

what is pharmacokinetics?

study of the movement of drug substances through body compartments ADME

action of body on drugs

what is pharmacodynamics?

study of molecular mechanisms by which a drug acts on the body

action of drug on body

pharmacodynamic principles: what are the different types of drug-receptor interaction?

agonist

antagonist

pharmacodynamic principles: what is a agonist?

agonist binds to a receptor to elicit a response (activator)

pharmacodynamic principle: what is a antagonist?

antagonist binds to a receptor and prevents another molecules from binding (inhibitor)

importance of PK and PD (3 points)

1. characterize drug exposure

2. determine appropriate dose for a clinical study

3. assess changes in dose requirements

what is the definition of pharmacotherapeutics?

application of pharmacological principles to clinical practice

what is the definition of toxicology?

study of undesirable effects of chemicals, including drugs, on living systems

what are the natural sources of drugs?

plants microbes animal tissues minerals

natural sources: plants example

ginseng willow

natural sources: microbes example

lactobacillus

natural sources: animal tissue example

seahorse

natural sources: mineral examples

calcium iron