PSY1102 Theories

Lev Vygotsky

Zone of Proximal Development (Scaffolding), Created Sociocultural Theory, Cognitive development is continuous.

Jean Piaget

Theory of Moral Development, Theory of Cognitive Development

John Bowlby

Evolutionary Theory of Attachment

Mary Ainsworth

Strange Situation experiment, 3 Attachment Styles

Lawrence Kohlberg

3 Stages of Moral Reasoning, Heinz Dilemma

James Marcia

4 Identity Types

James Flynn

Flynn Effect

Sigmond Freud

Unconscious Mind, Free Association, 3 Anxieties, 8 Defence Mechanisms, 5 Psychosexual Stages of Personality Development, Psychoanalysis, Oedipus/Electra Complex

Abraham Maslow

Hierarchy of Needs

Stanley Milgram

Milgram experiment

Philip Zimbardo

Stanford Prison Experiment

Dorothea Dix

Created the first generation of mental asylums

Carl Rogers

Humanist Psychology, Person-Centred Perspective, Born with the motivation to grow

Albert Bandura

Social/Cognitive Learning Theory

Julian Rotter

Locus of Control

Hans Eysenck

3 Factor Theory

Erik Erikson

8 Stages of Development

Charles Spearman

Created factor analysis, Argued there are different abilities (s), with general intelligence (g) being the common factor

Louis Thurstone

Denied existence of g, claimed different abilities reflect different intelligences, 7 Primary Mental Abilities

Raymond Cattell

Accepted existence of g, but split into crystalized intelligence (gc) and fluid intelligence (gf), 16 Factor Personality Test

Howard Gardner

Refuses existence of g, Believes multiple intelligences are independent to each other

Francis Galton

G Factor, Darwinism, Eugenics

Alfred Adler

Individual Psychology Concept of Inferiority

Carl Jung

Collective Unconcious

Fritz Heider

Attribution Theory

Soloman Asch

Line Conformity Theory

Irving Janis

Groupthink Theory

Leon Festinger

Cognitive Dissonance Theory

Hans Seyle

Stress Theory

Richard Lazarus

3 Perceptions of Stress

Alfred Binet

Binet-Simon Test, Stanford-Binet Test

Lewis Terman

Stanford-Binet Test, Eugenics

Théodore Simon

Binet-Simon Test, Stanford-Binet Test

William Stern

Intelligence Quotient (IQ)

Arthur Jensen

Eugenics, Choice Reaction Time

Robert Sternberg

Sternberg’s theory of triarchic intelligence

B. F. Skinner

Behaviorism Learning Theory, Operant Conditioning Theory

Ivan Pavlov

Classical Conditioning

Harry and Margaret Harlow

2 Mothers Experiment

Karen Horney

Self-help, Feminine Psychology