PSY1102 Theories

  • Lev Vygotsky: Zone of Proximal Development (Scaffolding), Created Sociocultural Theory, Cognitive development is continuous

  • Jean Piaget: Theory of Moral Development, Theory of Cognitive Development

  • John Bowlby: Evolutionary Theory of Attachment

  • Mary Ainsworth: Strange Situation experiment, 3 Attachment Styles

  • Lawrence Kohlberg: 3 Stages of Moral Reasoning, Heinz Dilemma

  • James Marcia: 4 Identity Types

  • James Flynn: Flynn Effect

  • Sigmond Freud: Unconscious Mind, Free Association, 3 Anxieties, 8 Defence Mechanisms, 5 Psychosexual Stages of Personality Development, Psychoanalysis, Oedipus/Electra Complex

  • Abraham Maslow: Hierarchy of Needs

  • Stanley Milgram: Milgram Experiment

  • Philip Zimbardo: Stanford Prison Experiment

  • Dorothea Dix: Created the first generation of mental asylums

  • Carl Rogers: Humanist Psychoplogy, Unique potential in each of us, Born with motivation to grow

  • Albert Bandura: Behaviours are learned

  • Julian Rotter: Locus of control

  • Hans Eysenck: Narrowed factors to 3 with factor analysis

  • Erik Erikson: 8 Stages of Development

  • Charles Spearman: Created factor analysis, Argued there are different abilities (s), with general intelligence (g) being the common factor

  • Louis Thurstone: Denied existence of g, claimed different abilities reflect different intelligences, 7 Primary Mental Abilities

  • Raymond Cattell: Accepted existence of g, but split into crystalized intelligence (gc) and fluid intelligence (gf)

  • Howard Gardner: Refuses existence of g, Believes multiple intelligences are independent to each other

  • Francis Galton: G Factor, Darwinism, Eugenics

  • Alfred Adler: Individual Psychology Concept of Inferiority

  • Carl Jung: Collective Unconscious

  • Fritz Heider: Attribution Theory

  • Solomon Asch: Line Conformity Experiment

  • Irving Janis: Groupthink Theory

  • Leon Festinger: Cognitive Dissonance Theory

  • Hans Seyle: Stress Theory

  • Richard Lazarus: 3 Perceptions of Stress

  • Alfred Binet: Binet-Simon Test, Stanford-Binet Test

  • Lewis Terman: Stanford-Binet Test

  • ThĂ©odore Simon: Binet-Simon Test, Stanford-Binet Test

  • William Stern (Ludwig Wilhelm Stern): Inteligence Quotient (IQ)

  • Arthur Jensen: Eugenics