Pharmaceutical Botany - Unit 1

Vocabulary flashcards generated from PHARM 112 Unit 1 notes, covering key terminology, historical figures, botanical sub-fields, plant-derived drugs, and the DOH 10 Halamang Gamot.

Biology

A natural science concerned with the study of life and living organisms, including their structure, function, growth, origin, evolution, distribution, and taxonomy.

Botany

A division of biology focused on the Plant or Vegetable Kingdom, including photosynthesis, plant reproduction, and taxonomy.

Rhizotomoi

Root collectors who gathered medicinal herbs and prepared them for the pharmocopolai or drug vendors.

Theosphrastus of Eresus

A Greek philosopher who wrote 10 books on 'History of Plants', describing about 500 species of plants with curative properties.

Pedanios Dioscorades

A Greek physician who wrote the book 'De Materia Medica', which included a number of descriptions of medicinal plants.

Pliny the Elder

A Roman author who wrote the book 'Historia Naturalis', describing about 1000 medicinal plants.

Galen

A Graeco-Roman physician who coined the word Galenicals, describing preparations of plant and animal drugs.

Valerius Cordus

An author who wrote 'Novum Dispensatorium', a pharmacopeia of lasting importance.

Cesalpino

An Italian botanist who introduced the first thorough and well-organized system of classification of plants in his work 'De Plants'.

Carolus Linnaeus

A Swedish botanist who wrote the book 'Species Plantarum' and described the binomial system of classification, reducing the name of every plant species to two words.

Macromorphology / Gross Anatomy of Plants

A branch of plant morphology that deals with the external characters of plants and their parts or organs.

Micromorphology / Plant Histology

A branch of plant morphology that considers the minute or microscopic structure of plants and plant tissues.

Plant Cytology

A branch of plant morphology that deals with plant cells and their contents.

Plant Embryology

A branch of botany dealing with the stages of growth, differentiation, and development of the plant body.

Taxonomy or Systematic Botany

The classification or arrangement of plants in groups in accordance with their relationships to one another.

Phytopathology

The branch of botany concerned with diseases of plants (plant pathology).

Phytogeography

The branch of botany dealing with the distribution of plants upon the earth (plant geography).

Habit

Refers to the appearance of an individual plant in its entirety.

Habitat

Refers to where a plant grows in its environment.

Phytopaleontology

Geologic botany concerned with historical plants traceable in their fossil remains.

Mycology

The botany of fungi.

Bryology

The botany of mosses and liverworts.

Algology

The botany of algae.

Pharmaceutical Botany

The botany of drug, spice, dye, and poisonous plants.

Pharmacognosy

A specialized field combining botany and pharmacy that involves the history, commerce, selection, identification, valuation, and preservation of crude drugs or medicinal drugs from natural sources.

Phytochemistry

The study of chemical compounds in plants, such as alkaloids, flavonoids, and terpenes.

Ethnobotany

The study of how different cultures use plants for medicine, food, and rituals.

Stromatolites

Layered mound-shaped deposits constructed by ancient microbial communities whose structures suggest photosynthetic activity.

Morphine

A plant-derived drug obtained from Papaver somniferum (opium poppy).

Aspirin

A plant-derived drug originally obtained from Salix spp. (willow bark).

Quinine

A plant-derived drug obtained from Cinchona bark.

Vincristine and Vinblastine

Plant-derived drugs obtained from Catharanthus roseus (Madagascar periwinkle).

Digoxin

A plant-derived drug obtained from Digitalis purpurea (foxglove).

Akapulko

Scientific name Cassia alata (Ringworm bush); used as an antifungal to treat skin infections such as ringworm, scabies, and eczema.

Ampalaya

Scientific name Momordica charantia (Bitter melon); used for diabetes to help lower blood sugar levels, as well as for cough, burns, and wounds.

Bawang

Scientific name Allium sativum (Garlic); lowers cholesterol and blood pressure, and serves as an antiseptic and antibacterial.

Bayabas

Scientific name Psidium guajava (Guava); used as an antiseptic for wound cleaning, diarrhea, and as a mouthwash for oral health.

Lagundi

Scientific name Vitex negundo (Five-leaf chaste tree); used for cough, colds, asthma, and fever to help relieve respiratory symptoms.

Niyog-niyogan

Scientific name Quisqualis indica (Chinese honeysuckle); used as an anti-helminthic to expel intestinal worms.

Sambong

Scientific name Blumea balsamifera; used as a diuretic to treat kidney stones and urinary tract infections, as well as for hypertension.

Tsaang Gubat

Scientific name Ehretia microphylla (Wild tea); used as an antidiarrheal, mouthwash, and for stomach pain.

Ulasimang Bato

Scientific name Peperomia pellucida (Pansitpansitan); used as an anti-inflammatory for arthritis and gout by helping lower uric acid.

Yerba Buena

Scientific name Clinopodium douglasii (Peppermint); used as an analgesic for pain relief such as headache, body pain, and toothache.