Proprioception, Nociception, Cerebellum -- Neuroanatomy

Participate in local, segmental, regional communication

reflex activity

spinal reflexes affect which region of the body?

limbs and trunks

spinal reflexes act via ___ nerves

spinal

brainstem reflexes affect which region of the body?

head and face

brainstem reflexes via ____ nerves

cranial

Which type of reflex is rare?

Monosynaptic

Which type of reflex?

Motor cell within spinal cord

Monosynaptic reflex

Which type of reflex is most common?

Polysynaptic reflex

Which type of reflex is characterized by multiple synapses and interneurons?

Polysynaptic reflexes

Information sent to higher level of the NS

relay activity

Where does Conscious proprioception occur?

Cerebrum

Where does subconscious proprioception occur?

Cerebellum

LMN location for spinal nerves

GSE ventral horn

GSE CNs

III, IV, VI, XII

SVE CNs

V, VII, IX, X, XI

GVE CNs

III, VII, IX, X

conscious deficit example:

knuckling

unconscious deficit can be seen by:

sensory ataxia

sensory ataxia

incoordination

Wide stance, wobbly can be seen in a(n) ____ deficit

unconscious

contralateral pathway

affects opposite side

Which type of pathway (ipsilateral vs. contralateral):

L side lesion affects R side limb

Contralateral

Ipsilateral pathway

affects the same side

Which type of pathway (ipsilateral vs. contralateral):

L side lesion affects left side limb

Ipsilateral

Where does the ventral spinocerebellar tract become contralateral?

2nd neuron

Where does the Fasciculus cuneatus tract become contralateral?

2nd neuron

Is the Spinothalamic Tract ipsilateral or contralateral?

Contralateral

Where does the Quintothalamic tract become contralateral?

2nd neuron

Nociception

detecting pain and temperature changes

What portion of the body uses the Spinothalamic tract for nociception?

Body

What portion of the body uses the Quintothalamic tract for nociception?

head

relay pathways go to ____ (higher/lower) centers in the spinal and cranial systems

higher

what order of neurons do relay paths use opposed to reflex paths?

3rd order

where are 3rd order neurons located?

thalamus

Nociceptive Pathways:

Sensory info enters the spinal cord via __ order neurons originating in the ___ ___ ___ and synapse on the ___ ___

1st, dorsal root ganglion, dorsal horn

Animal or Human spinothalamic path?

Diffuse, multi-synaptic, bilateral

Animal

Animal or Human Spinothalamic path?

local, monosynaptic

humans

function of the cerebellum

coordination and find-tuning motor functions

surface features of the cerebellum

ridges, grooves, fissures, midline strip

what are the cerebellar ridges called?

folium/folia

what are the cerebellar grooves called?

sulcus/sulci

fissure

very deep sulci

1* fissure separates ___ lobe from ___ lobe

rostral, caudal

caudolateral fissure separates ___ lobe from ____ lobe

caudal, floculonodular

midline strip is called the:

vermis

cortical gray matter location

surface

subcortical gray matter location

under the surface

white matter is composed of:

arbor vitae, cerebellar nuclei

arbor vitae location

directly under the cortex

there are __ pairs of cerebellar nuclei

3

cerebellar nuclei lcoation

embedded in white matter under the cortex

festigal nuclei

located near the midline

interpositus nuclei

located in between other two nuclei

dentate nuclei

most laterally located

3 layers of the cerebellum

molecular, purkinje, granular

molecular layer has a number of:

synapses & cell processes

purkinje cell layer

cell bodies in a linear fashion

granular cell layer

receive and send information via cerebellar cortex

3 fiber types in cerebellum

climbing, mossy, parallel

climbing fibers

from olivary complex to molecular layer to Purkinje dendrites

climbing fibers input

XPYR motor system

mossy fibers

widespread origin, brainstem and cord to granule cells

mossy fibers input

PYR motor system

mossy fibers function

general proprioception, vestibular equilibrium

parallel fibers

from granular cells to Purkinje cells

Afferent connections

information enters through the middle or caudal peduncles

middle peduncles relay ___ (PYR/XPYR) information

pyramidal

spinocerebellar is ____ (afferent/efferent)

afferent

vestibulocerebellar is ___ (afferent/efferent)

afferent

olivocerebellar tract is ___ (afferent/efferent)

afferent

pontocerebellar tract is ___ (afferent/efferent)

afferent

spinocerebellar tract function

proprioception

vestibulocerebellar tract function

proprioception

olivocerebellar tract uses ____ motor system

XPYR

pontocerebellar tract uses __ motor system

PYR

efferent connections go to ___ (superficial/deep) nuclei

deep

deep cerebellar nuclei send fibers to ___ nuclei in the brainstem

UMN

efferent fibers travel through the ____ cerebellar peduncle to reach ___ nuclei

rostral, brainstem

dysmetria

problems with rate, range, direction, and force of movement

nyastagmus

involuntary movement of eyes

strabismus

abnormal position of the eyes

Ipsilateral or contralateral?

Spinal Reflex Arc

Ipsilateral

Ipsilateral or contralateral?

Cranial reflex arc

Ipsilateral

Ipsilateral or contralateral?

Relay in Spinothalamic Tract

contralateral

Ipsilateral or contralateral?

Quintothalamic relay

contralateral

spinothalamic tract becomes contralateral at which neuron?

2nd

quintothalamic relay becomes contralateral at which neuron?

2nd