APUSH - Ch 16: The South and the Slavery Controversy, 1793-1860

cotton kingdom

term for the ante-bellum South that emphasized its economic dependence on a single staple product

West Africa Squadron

British naval unit seizing slave ships to suppress illegal slave trade

breakers

harsh overseers who whipped enslaved people to enforce discipline

black belt

fertile region of Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana w/ largest concentration of slaves on cotton plantations

responsorial

call-and-response style of preaching practiced by enslaved African Americans

Nat Turner's Rebellion

violent slave revolt in 1831 that tightened southern slave laws

Amistad

Spanish slave ship taken over by revolting Africans leading to U.S. Supreme Court case freeing them

American Colonization Society

organization founded 1817 to transport free Blacks to Africa

Liberia

African republic founded by freed American slaves in 1822

The Liberator

William Lloyd Garrison’s newspaper calling for immediate emancipation

American Anti-Slavery Society

Garrisonian abolitionist organization, founded in 1833, that included the eloquent Wendell Phillips among its leaders

Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World

David Walker’s 1829 pamphlet urging Black resistance to slavery

Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass

autobiography exposing slavery’s brutality and inspiring reform

Mason-Dixon Line

line dividing free states and slave states in the East

Gag Resolution

1836 congressional rule automatically ignoring anti-slavery petitions

Uncle Tom’s Cabin

Harriet Beecher Stowe’s novel portraying slavery’s cruelty and family separations

American Slavery as It Is

Theodore Dwight Weld’s antislavery book used by Lane Rebels

Lane Rebels

group of theology students led by Theodore Dwight Weld expelled for abolitionist activity

Eli Whitney

inventor of cotton gin, revolutionized southern cotton economy

Harriet Beecher Stowe

author of Uncle Tom’s Cabin

Nat Turner

leader of 1831 violent slave rebellion

William Wilberforce

British evangelical reformer who helped emancipate slaves in British West Indies

Theodore Dwight Weld

leader of Lane Rebels and author of American Slavery as It Is

Wendell Phillips

New England abolitionist called “abolition’s golden trumpet”

Denmark Vesey

free Black whose failed slave revolt in Charleston led to executions

William Lloyd Garrison

radical abolitionist who burned the Constitution calling for immediate emancipation

David Walker

Black abolitionist who urged violent resistance in Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World

Sojourner Truth

New York free Black woman fighting for emancipation and women’s rights

Martin Delany

Black abolitionist who explored sites in Africa for possible resettlement

Frederick Douglass

escaped slave and leading Black abolitionist fighting politically to end slavery

Lewis Tappan

wealthy New York abolitionist merchant attacked by proslavery mob

John Quincy Adams

former president who defended Amistad slaves and fought Gag Resolution

Elijah Lovejoy

Illinois editor killed by mob, became abolitionist martyr

Free-Soilers

Northern antislavery politicians, who rejected radical immediate abolitionism, but fought to prohibit the expansion of slavery in the western territories