9. MCQs Temperature Regulation

What is the receptor for adrenaline in the brown adipose tissue that can cause chemical thermogenesis?

a) α1-adrenoreceptors;

b) α2-adrenoreceptors;

c) ß2-adrenoreceptors;

d) ß1-adrenoreceptors;

e) ß3-adrenoreceptors.

What is the receptor for adrenaline in the brown adipose tissue that can cause chemical thermogenesis?

a) α1-adrenoreceptors;

b) α2-adrenoreceptors;

c) ß2-adrenoreceptors;

d) ß1-adrenoreceptors;

e) ß3-adrenoreceptors.

When measured orally the average normal temperature is considered to be:

a) 36.0-36.6^°C;

b) 36.5-37.5^°C;

c) 36.6-37.0^°C;

d) 37.0-37.5^°C;

e) 35.5-36.5^°C.

When measured orally the average normal temperature is considered to be:

a) 36.0-36.6^°C;

b) 36.5-37.5^°C;

c) 36.6-37.0^°C;

d) 37.0-37.5^°C;

e) 35.5-36.5^°C.

Which hormone is not related to thermogenesis:

a) vasopressin;

b) adrenaline;

c) noradrenaline;

d) thyroxine;

e) cortisol.

Which hormone is not related to thermogenesis:

a) vasopressin;

b) adrenaline;

c) noradrenaline;

d) thyroxine;

e) cortisol.

Thermoreceptors are:

a) only found in the skin;

b) peripheral and central;

c) a subtype of electromagnetic receptors;

d) on the dendritic endings of B fibres;

e) only for hot.

Thermoreceptors are:

a) only found in the skin;

b) peripheral and central;

c) a subtype of electromagnetic receptors;

d) on the dendritic endings of B fibres;

e) only for hot.

According to the circadian rhythm the body temperature is:

a) the lowest in the afternoon and the highest in the morning;

b) the lowest at midnight and the highest at noon;

c) the highest at midnight and the lowest at noon;

d) the highest in the morning and the lowest at noon;

e) the highest in the afternoon and the lowest in the morning.

According to the circadian rhythm, the body temperature is:

a) the lowest in the afternoon and the highest in the morning;

b) the lowest at midnight and the highest at noon;

c) the highest at midnight and the lowest at noon;

d) the highest in the morning and the lowest at noon;

e) the highest in the afternoon and the lowest in the morning.

A major means for conserving heat is:

a) vasodilatation of cutaneous blood vessels;

b) increased metabolic rate;

c) vasoconstriction of cutaneous blood vessels;

d) enhanced sweating;

e) increased convective loss.

A major means for conserving heat is:

a) vasodilatation of cutaneous blood vessels;

b) increased metabolic rate;

c) vasoconstriction of cutaneous blood vessels;

d) enhanced sweating;

e) increased convective loss.

Heat stroke is characteristically associated with:

a) profuse sweating;

b) elevated basal metabolic rate (BMR) and hot dry skin;

c) cold dry skin;

d) decresed basal metabolic rate (BMR);

e) decreased heart rate (HR).

Heat stroke is characteristically associated with:

a) profuse sweating;

b) elevated basal metabolic rate (BMR) and hot dry skin;

c) cold dry skin;

d) decresed basal metabolic rate (BMR);

e) decreased heart rate (HR).

Which one of the following is produced by sebaceous glands?

a) adrenaline;

b) oil;

c) saliva;

d) sweat;

e) mucus.

Which one of the following is produced by sebaceous glands?

a) adrenaline;

b) oil;

c) saliva;

d) sweat;

e) mucus.

Following adaptation to a hot climate there is an increase in:

a) basal metabolic rate;

b) heat loss by radiation and convection;

c) urinary output;

d) the ability to lose heat by sweating;

e) decreasing arteriovenous shunting of blood to venous plexus near the surface of the skin.

Following adaptation to a hot climate there is an increase in:

a) basal metabolic rate;

b) heat loss by radiation and convection;

c) urinary output;

d) the ability to lose heat by sweating;

e) decreasing arteriovenous shunting of blood to venous plexus near the surface of the skin.

Heat-loss mechanisms:

a) cause shivering;

b) by evaporation; depend on the activity of sweat glands being under sympathetic muscarinic control;

c) are controlled by the anterior hypothalamus;

d) cause an increase in sympathetic tone to skin blood vessels;

e) decrease arteriovenous shunting of blood to venous plexus near the surface of the skin.

Heat-loss mechanisms:

a) cause shivering;

b) by evaporation; depend on the activity of sweat glands being under sympathetic muscarinic control;

c) are controlled by the anterior hypothalamus;

d) cause an increase in sympathetic tone to skin blood vessels;

e) decrease arteriovenous shunting of blood to venous plexus near the surface of the skin.

At which temperature does the excitation of the thermoreceptors begin to cause pain?

a) at the temperature which causes tissue damage;

b) over 45°C;

c) at 30°C;

d) at 5°C;

e) at 35℃.

At which temperature does the excitation of the thermoreceptors begin to cause pain?

a) at the temperature which causes tissue damage;

b) over 45°C;

c) at 30°C;

d) at 5°C;

e) at 35℃.

Where are the brown thermogenic adipocytes located in the adult?

a) in the pulp of the spleen;

b) between the scapulas, around the kidneys and the big vessels.

c) in the bone marrow;

d) in the capsule of the liver;

e) in the parietal and visceral layers of the pleura and the pericardium;

Where are the brown thermogenic adipocytes located in the adult?

a) in the pulp of the spleen;

b) between the scapulas, around the kidneys and the big vessels.

c) in the bone marrow;

d) in the capsule of the liver;

e) in the parietal and visceral layers of the pleura and the pericardium;

The most significant heat source in the body is:

a) cellular respiration;

b) conductive heat loss;

c) convective heat loss;

d) evaporation;

e) sweating.

The most significant heat source in the body is:

a) cellular respiration;

b) conductive heat loss;

c) convective heat loss;

d) evaporation;

e) sweating.

The set-point temperature of the hypothalamus, triggering heat loss or heat-generating mechanisms is:

a) 34°C;

b) 37°C;

c) 20°C;

d) 36.6℃;

e) 38°C.

The set-point temperature of the hypothalamus, triggering heat loss or heat-generating mechanisms is:

a) 34°C;

b) 37°C;

c) 20°C;

d) 36.6℃;

e) 38°C.

The thermoregulatory center is located in:

a) cortex;

b) vascular system;

c) septal region;

d) amygdale;

e) hypothalamus.

The thermoregulatory center is located in:

a) cortex;

b) vascular system;

c) septal region;

d) amygdale;

e) hypothalamus.

When the temperature of the environment is above 34°C, the only heat-loss mechanism is:

a) convection;

b) radiation;

c) shivering;

d) evaporation;

e) radiation and convection.

When the temperature of the environment is above 34°C, the only heat-loss mechanism is:

a) convection;

b) radiation;

c) shivering;

d) evaporation;

e) radiation and convection.

The set point level for body temperature is situated in:

a) anterior hypothalamus;

b) skin;

c) spinal cord;

d) posterior hypothalamus;

e) brown mast tissue.

The set point level for body temperature is situated in:

a) anterior hypothalamus;

b) skin;

c) spinal cord;

d) posterior hypothalamus;

e) brown mast tissue.

The highest body temperature is in:

a) the kidneys;

b) the liver;

c) the intestines;

d) the spleen;

e) the lungs.

The highest body temperature is in:

a) the kidneys;

b) the liver;

c) the intestines;

d) the spleen;

e) the lungs.

The most potent mechanism for increasing heat production is:

a) activation of the parasympathetic nervous system;

b) thyroid hormone increasing the metabolic rate;

c) shivering;

d) radiation;

e) decrease in sympathetic tone to skin blood vessels.

The most potent mechanism for increasing heat production is:

a) activation of the parasympathetic nervous system;

b) thyroid hormone increasing the metabolic rate;

c) shivering;

d) radiation;

e) decrease in sympathetic tone to skin blood vessels.

Which of the following is a human thermoregulatory response controlled by cholinergic sympathetic nerves?

a) brown adipose tissue thermogenesis;

b) hand vasomotion;

c) shivering thermogenesis;

d) sweat secretion;

e) thermoregulatory behaviour.

Which of the following is a human thermoregulatory response controlled by cholinergic sympathetic nerves?

a) brown adipose tissue thermogenesis;

b) hand vasomotion;

c) shivering thermogenesis;

d) sweat secretion;

e) thermoregulatory behaviour.

The most important function of sweat is to remove from the body excess:

a) heat;

b) salts;

c) water

d) urea

e) bilirubin

The most important function of sweat is to remove from the body excess:

a) heat;

b) salts;

c) water

d) urea

e) bilirubin

Which response to overcooling does not involve muscle contraction?

a) blood vessels narrowing;

b) hairs standing up;

c) shivering;

d) reduced sweating;

e) hyperventilation.

Which response to overcooling does not involve muscle contraction?

a) blood vessels narrowing;

b) hairs standing up;

c) shivering;

d) reduced sweating;

e) hyperventilation.

The heat balance is negative when:

a) heat production is bigger than heat loss;

b) heat production equals heat loss;

c) heat production is less than heat loss;

d) there is no heat loss;

e) there is heat loss, independently of heat production.

The heat balance is negative when:

a) heat production is bigger than heat loss;

b) heat production equals heat loss;

c) heat production is less than heat loss;

d) there is no heat loss;

e) there is heat loss, independently of heat production.

When does a woman's rectal temperature rise?

a) in lactation;

b) in menopause;

c) in menstruation;

d) in ovulation;

e) in fertilization.

When does a woman's rectal temperature rise?

a) in lactation;

b) in menopause;

c) in menstruation;

d) in ovulation;

e) in fertilization.

What process is not related to heat balance:

a) conduction;

b) evaporation;

c) convection;

d) accommodation;

e) radiation.

What process is not related to heat balance:

a) conduction;

b) evaporation;

c) convection;

d) accommodation;

e) radiation.

What happens to the arterioles near the surface of the skin when the body temperature rises?

a) they absorb oxygen from the surrounding tissues;

b) they dilate and become wider;

c) they move nearer the skin surface;

d) they take in water from the surrounding tissues;

e) they constrict.

What happens to the arterioles near the surface of the skin when the body temperature rises?

a) they absorb oxygen from the surrounding tissues;

b) they dilate and become wider;

c) they move nearer the skin surface;

d) they take in water from the surrounding tissues;

e) they constrict.

What weather conditions make it harder to evaporate sweat?

a) hot and dry weather;

b) cold and humid weather;

c) cold and dry weather;

d) hot and humid weather;

e) sweat evaporation is independent of the weather.

What weather conditions make it harder to evaporate sweat?

a) hot and dry weather;

b) cold and humid weather;

c) cold and dry weather;

d) hot and humid weather;

e) sweat evaporation is independent of the weather.

The main mechanism for heat exchange of the body immersed in water is:

a) evaporation;

b) convection;

c) friction;

d) conduction;

e) the listed mechanisms have equal importance.

The main mechanism for heat exchange of the body immersed in water is:

a) evaporation;

b) convection;

c) friction;

d) conduction;

e) the listed mechanisms have equal importance.

Physiological thermoregulatory mechanisms include:

a) chemical thermogenesis;

b) sweating;

c) non-chemical thermogenesis;

d) vasomotor reactions;

e) all of the above.

Physiological thermoregulatory mechanisms include:

a) chemical thermogenesis;

b) sweating;

c) non-chemical thermogenesis;

d) vasomotor reactions;

e) all of the above.

Perspiratio insensibilis is:

a) profuse sweating;

b) excretion of water from the digestive system;

c) emotional sweating;

d) lack of sweating;

e) imperceptible evaporation through the skin and lungs.

Perspiratio insensibilis is:

a) profuse sweating;

b) excretion of water from the digestive system;

c) emotional sweating;

d) lack of sweating;

e) imperceptible evaporation through the skin and lungs.

Cutaneous thermoreceptors for cold are terminal branches of:

a) Aλ -fibers;

b) Aß-fibers;

c) Aδ-fibers and C-fibers;

d) B-fibers;

e) motor fibers.

Cutaneous thermoreceptors for cold are terminal branches of:

a) Aλ -fibers;

b) Aß-fibers;

c) Aδ-fibers and C-fibers;

d) B-fibers;

e) motor fibers.

Cutaneous thermoreceptors for warmth are terminal branches of:

a) Aλ -fibers;

b) Aß-fibers;

c) Aδ-fibers

d) B-fibers;

e) C-fibers.

Cutaneous thermoreceptors for warmth are terminal branches of:

a) Aλ -fibers;

b) Aß-fibers;

c) Aδ-fibers

d) B-fibers;

e) C-fibers.

The usual temperature gradient between the core and body surface area is about:

a) 10°C;

b) 6°C;

c) 3°C;

d) 1°C;

e) 0.5°C.

The usual temperature gradient between the core and body surface area is about:

a) 10°C;

b) 6°C;

c) 3°C;

d) 1°C;

e) 0.5°C.

Which of the listed hormones is not related to thermogenesis:

a) vasopressin;

b) adrenaline;

c) norepinephrine;

d) thyroxine;

e) cortisol.

Which of the listed hormones is not related to thermogenesis:

a) vasopressin;

b) adrenaline;

c) norepinephrine;

d) thyroxine;

e) cortisol.

At an ambient temperature above 31°C, the main release mechanism of heat is:

a) convection;

b) radiation;

c) conducting;

d) evaporation;

e) shivering.

At an ambient temperature above 31°C, the main release mechanism of heat is:

a) convection;

b) radiation;

c) conducting;

d) evaporation;

e) shivering.

Thermoregulatory mechanisms are ineffective during:

a) the paradoxical (REM) sleep;

b) first phase of slow-wave sleep;

c) second phase of slow-wave sleep;

d) third phase of slow-wave sleep;

e) fourth phase of slow-wave sleep.

Thermoregulatory mechanisms are ineffective during:

a) the paradoxical (REM) sleep;

b) first phase of slow-wave sleep;

c) second phase of slow-wave sleep;

d) third phase of slow-wave sleep;

e) fourth phase of slow-wave sleep.

Which statement about emotionally induced sweating is true:

a) it is diffuse;

b) goes away relatively slowly;

c) it is adrenergic and depends on the circulating level of adrenaline;

d) is affected by cholinergic sympathetic innervation;

e) does not exist.

Which statement about emotionally induced sweating is true:

a) it is diffuse;

b) goes away relatively slowly;

c) it is adrenergic and depends on the circulating level of adrenaline;

d) is affected by cholinergic sympathetic innervation;

e) does not exist.