Age of Exploration & Colonization Study Guide

Why did Europeans explore Asia in the context of the spice trade?

Europeans wanted spices like pepper and cinnamon from Asia.

What are the Spice Islands known for?

Major source of spices in Southeast Asia.

What are the 3 G’s of exploration?

Gold (wealth), God (spread Christianity), Glory (fame for explorers & nations).

Who founded the navigation school in Portugal?

Prince Henry.

What was Bartholomeu Dias known for?

First to sail around Africa’s Cape of Good Hope.

Who was the first explorer to reach India by sea?

Vasco de Gama.

Where was all of the discoveries form up until

Portugal

What significant achievement is Christopher Columbus known for?

Reached the Americas in 1492.

Where was Christopher Columbus from

Spain

Who was the first person to circumnavigate the globe?

Ferdinand Magellan.

Where was Ferdinand Magellan From

Spain

Why is America named after Amerigo Vespucci?

He realized it was a new continent.

Where was Amerigo Vespucci form

Italy

What did Henry Hudson search for?

Northwest Passage, while finding the Hudson River/Bay.

Which country claimed Canada under the leadership of Jacques Cartier?

France.

What did Samuel de Champlain found?

Quebec City.

What was the Treaty of Tordesillas?

Split the New World between Spain & Portugal, giving Brazil to Portugal.

What is the Northwest Passage?

Mythical shortcut to Asia through North America (never found).

What were the territories included in New Spain?

Mexico and Central America, governed through the encomienda system.

What key feature defined Brazil during the colonial period?

Major sugar plantations using enslaved Africans.

What are the three regions of the 13 Colonies?

New England, Middle, and Southern Colonies.

What are all the New England Colonies

1. Massachusetts

2. New Hampshire

3. Connecticut

4. Rhode Island

What is the abbreviation for Massachusetts?

MA

What is the abbreviation for Connecticut?

CT

What is the abbreviation for Rhode Island?

RI

What is the abbreviation for New Hampshire?

NH

What are all the Middle Colonies

5. New York

6. New Jersey

7. Pennsylvania

8. Delaware

What is the abbreviation for New York?

NY

What is the abbreviation for New Jersey?

NJ

What is the abbreviation for Pennsylvania?

Pa

What is the abbreviation for Delaware?

DE

What are all the Southern Colonies Abbreviations

9. VA - Virginia

10. MD - Maryland

11. NC - North Carolina

12. SC - South Carolina

13. GA - Georgia

What is the abbreviation for Virginia?

VA

What was New France known for?

Fur trade and good relations with Natives.

Dutch New Netherland

• Netherlands | Later became New York |

What did the Spanish use to conquer Native peoples?

Superior weapons, diseases, and horses.

Who conquered the Aztecs?

Hernan Cortes.

What is Cortes capital

Tenochtitlan

Who conquered the Incas?

Francisco Pizarro.

Who were the Taino people?

The first natives Columbus met, many of whom died from disease and slavery.

Who was the Atlantic Slave Trade

It was a Triangular Trade from Europe → Africa → Americas → Europe

What was the Triangular Trade?

Trade route where Europe sent guns to Africa, Africa sent slaves to the Americas, and the Americas sent sugar and tobacco back to Europe.

What is the Middle Passage?

The brutal slave ship journey across the Atlantic.

Who was Afonso I?

An African king who opposed the slave trade.

What was Futa Toro's role in the slave trade context?

An African kingdom involved in resisting slavery.

What was the Columbian Exchange?

Transfer of goods, animals, & diseases between the Old World and the New World.

What crops originated from the Americas?

Potatoes, tomatoes, corn, and tobacco.

What items were brought from Europe to the Americas?

Horses, wheat, and smallpox.

What is mercantilism?

An economic system where colonies exist to make the mother country rich.

What materials did colonies send to Europe under mercantilism?

Raw materials like gold and sugar.