What is atomic radius?
Distance between the nucleus and the edge of an atom
What are the trends for atomic radius?
Atomic radius decreases across a period and increases down a group
What is ionization energy?
Energy required to remove an electron from a neutral atom
What are the trends for ionization energy?
Ionization energy increases across a period and decreases down a group
Which of the elements Li, Rb, K, and Na has the smallest atomic radius, and which has the largest?
Li and Rb
Which of the elements O, Se, S, and Po has the smallest atomic radius, and which has the largest?
O and Po
Of the elements Mg, Cl, Na, and P, which has the largest atomic radius? Explain your answer in terms of the trends on the periodic table.
Sodium has the largest atomic radius, because atomic radius decreases across a period.
Of each of these which has the highest first ionization energy? Ca or Ba?
Ca
Of each of these which has the highest first ionization energy? Ca or Br?
Br
Of each of these which has the highest first ionization energy? Ca or K?
Ca
Of each of these which has the highest first ionization energy? Ca or Mg?
Mg
What is a cation?
Positive Ion
How are cations formed?
Losing electrons
How does a cation’s atomic radius compare to a neutral atom’s?
Smaller atomic radius
What is an anion?
Negative Ion
How are anions formed?
Gaining electrons
What are valence electrons?
Electrons available to be lost, gained, or shared in the formation of chemical compounds
How many valence electrons do groups 1 and 2 have?
Group 1 has one valence electron Group 2 has two valence electrons
How do you find the number of valence electrons for groups 13-18?
Group number minus 10
What is electronegativity?
Measure of the ability of an atom in a chemical compound to attract electrons from another atom in a compound
What is the electronegativity trend across a period?
Tends to increase across a period
What is the electronegativity trend down a group?
Tends to decrease or remain the same down a group
Of the elements Ga, Br, and Ca which has the highest electronegativity? Explain your answer in terms of periodic trends.
Br, electronegativity increases across a period