Solubility Rules + Acids and Bases

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44 Terms

1
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Ca(OH)2

Calcium hydroxide: strong base

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Sr(OH)2

Strontium hydroxide: strong base

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Ba(OH)2

Barium hydroxide: strong base

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Strong bases

Group 1 and 2 hydroxides (except Be and Mg)

  • LiOH, NaOH, KOH, RbOH, CsOH, Ca(OH)2, Sr(OH)2, Ba(OH)

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Strong acids (6)

  • Nitric acid: HNO3 (aq)

  • Perchloric acid: HClO4 (aq)

  • Sulfuric acid: H2SO4 (aq)

  • Hydrochloric acid: HCl (aq)

  • Hydrobromic acid: HBr (aq)

  • Hydroiodic acid: HI (aq)

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HNO3 (aq)

nitric acid: strong acid

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HClO4 (aq)

perchloric acid: strong acid

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H2SO4 (aq)

Sulfuric acid: strong acid

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HCl (aq)

Hydrochloric acid: strong acid

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HBr (aq)

Hydrobromic acid: strong acid

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HI (aq)

Hydroiodic acid: strong acid

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Group 1 hydroxides

strong bases

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Group 2 hydroxides

Strong bases except Be and Mg

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H3PO4 (aq)

Phosphoric acid (common)

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HF (aq)

Hydrofluoric acid (common)

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HNO2 (aq)

Nitrous acid

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CH3CO2H (aq)

Acetic acid (common)

** Tricky because the H is at the end

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NH3

Ammonia gas (common base)

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NH4+

Ammonium: soluble (no exceptions)

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ClO4-

Perchlorate: soluble (no exceptions)

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NO3-

Nitrate: soluble (no exceptions)

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C2H3O2- or CH3COOO-

Acetate: soluble (no exceptions)

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F-

Fluoride ion: Halide (soluble with 3 exceptions: Ag+, Hg22+, Pb2+)

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Cl-

Chlorine ion: Halide (soluble with 3 exceptions: Ag+, Hg22+, Pb2+)

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Br-

Bromine ion: Halide (soluble with 3 exceptions: Ag+, Hg22+, Pb2+)

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I-

Iodine ion: Halide (soluble with 3 exceptions: Ag+, Hg22+, Pb2+)

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SO42-

Sulfate (soluble with 6 exceptions: Ag+, Hg22+, Pb2+, Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+)

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CaS

Calcium sulfide: soluble

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SrS

Strontium sulfide: soluble

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BaS

Barium sulfide: soluble

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Ag+

Silver ion: causes solubility exceptions in Halides and SO42-

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Hg22+

Mercury (I) ion: causes solubility exceptions in Halides and SO42-

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Pb22+

Causes solubility exceptions in Halides and SO42-

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Ca2+

Calcium ion: causes solubility exceptions in SO42-

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Sr2+

Strontium ion: causes solubility exceptions in SO42-

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Ba2+

Barium ion: causes solubility exceptions in SO42-

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Group 1 Cations

Soluble (no exceptions)

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S2-

Insoluble except in compounds containing NH4+, alkali metals, Ca2+, Sr2+, and Ba2+

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CO32-

Carbonate ion: insoluble except in compounds containing NH4+ and alkali metals

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PO43-

Phosphate ion: insoluble except in compounds containing NH4+ and alkali metals

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OH-

Hydroxide ion: insoluble except in compounds containing NH4+ and alkali metals

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CrO42-

Oxalate ion: insoluble except in compounds containing NH4+ and alkali metals

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O2-

Oxygen: insoluble except in compounds containing NH and alkali metals

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SO32-

Sulfite: insoluble except in compounds containing NH and alkali metals