Unit 3: Human Body Vocab (Adv)

These flashcards cover essential vocabulary and concepts related to the human body systems and their functions, as outlined in the lecture notes.

Cell

The smallest living organism and the basic unit of life on earth.

Tissue

A group of cells that work together to perform a specific function.

Organ

A structure made up of different types of tissues that work together to perform a specific function, such as the heart or lungs.

Organ System

A group of organs that work together to perform a specific function or set of functions in the body.

Organism

A living individual that can carry out all the processes of life, including reproduction, growth, response to stimuli, and maintaining homeostasis.

Digestive System

Responsible for breaking down food into nutrients that can be absorbed; includes the mouth, esophagus, stomach, intestines, and accessory organs.

Integumentary System

The body's largest organ system; includes skin, hair, and nails; provides protection and regulates body temperature.

Nervous System

Responsible for coordinating and controlling the body's activities; includes the brain, spinal cord, and nerves.

Skeletal System

Provides support, protection, and movement for the body; made up of bones, cartilage, ligaments, and tendons.

Muscular System

Responsible for movement; includes skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscles.

Reproductive System

Responsible for the production of offspring; includes male and female reproductive organs.

Excretory System

Responsible for removing waste products from the body; includes the kidneys and urinary tract.

Endocrine System

Produces and regulates hormones that control various bodily functions; includes important glands like the pituitary and thyroid.

Circulatory/Cardiovascular System

Responsible for the transport of oxygen, nutrients, and waste products throughout the body.

Respiratory System

Responsible for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide; includes the lungs and air passages.

Lymphatic System

A network that helps maintain fluid balance and defend the body against infections.

Immune System

Defends the body against pathogens including bacteria and viruses.

Homeostasis

The maintenance of a constant internal state in a changing environment.

Gametes

Reproductive cells; female gametes are called ova, male gametes are called sperm.

Sperm

Male reproductive cell.

Egg/Ova

Female reproductive cell.

Epithelial tissue

Forms the covering of all body surfaces, lines cavities, and is the main tissue in glands.

Connective tissue

Binds structures together and provides support for the body.

Nervous tissue

Found in the brain and spinal cord; responsible for coordinating body activities.

Muscular tissue

Composed of cells that contract to produce movement.