Enzymes and Hormones in Digestion

Salivary Amylase (Ptyalin)

Breaks starch into dextrins and maltose

Lingual Lipase

Begins fat digestion in the mouth; End Product: Diglycerides, fatty acids

Pepsin

Breaks peptide bonds; End Product: Peptides, amino acids

Gastric Lipase

Hydrolyzes triglycerides into diglycerides and free fatty acids

Pancreatic Amylase

Converts starch into dextrins and maltose

Trypsin

Breaks interior peptide bonds; End Product: Polypeptides

Chymotrypsin

Hydrolyzes peptide bonds into smaller peptides

Elastase

Breaks down elastin fibers

Carboxypeptidase

Cleaves amino acids from the carboxyl end; End Product: Amino acids

Cholesterol Esterase

Hydrolyzes cholesterol esters; End Product: Cholesterol, fatty acids

Pancreatic Lipase

Breaks triglycerides into monoglycerides and fatty acids

Enterokinase

Activates trypsinogen to trypsin

Lactase

Converts lactose into glucose and galactose

Maltase

Converts maltose into glucose

Sucrase

Converts sucrose into glucose and fructose

Dextrinase

Converts dextrins into glucose

Aminopeptidase

Cleaves amino acids from the amino (N-terminal) end of peptides

Nuclease (DNAse, RNAse)

Breaks down nucleic acids into nucleotides

Gastrin

Stimulates secretion of HCl and pepsinogen; increases gastric motility and lower esophageal sphincter tone

Secretin

Increases secretion of bicarbonate from the pancreas; reduces gastric motility

Cholecystokinin (CCK)

Stimulates pancreatic enzyme secretion; causes gallbladder contraction

Gastric Inhibitory Peptide (GIP)

Inhibits gastric motility; stimulates insulin release

Motilin

Stimulates gastric and intestinal motility

Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1)

Inhibits glucagon release; stimulates insulin secretion

Glucagon-like Peptide-2 (GLP-2)

Promotes intestinal growth and absorption