history chapter 2 t/d rq

John Smith

An English soldier and explorer who became one of the leaders of the Jamestown colony and helped to establish relations with the Powhatans

Virginia Company

A joint-stock enterprise that King James I chartered in 1606; the company was to spread Christianity in the Americas as well as find ways to make a profit in it

Anglican Church

The established state church of England, formed by Henry VIII after the pope refused to annul his marriage to Catherine of Aragon

Roanoke Colony

Failed English attempt to establish a colony on Roanoke Island in the Outer Banks

Enclosure Movement

A legal process that divided large farm fields in England that were previously collectively owned by groups of peasants into smaller, individually owned plots

Headright System

A land-grant policy that promised 50 acres to any colonist who could afford passage to Virginia, as well as 50 more for any accompanying servants

House of Burgesses

The first elected assembly in colonial America established in 1619 in Virginia

Anglo-Powhatan Wars

3 wars fought between the Powhatans and the Jamestown colonists in 1610-1614, 1622-1626, and 1644-1646

Plantation

An early word for a colony, a settlement "planted" from abroad among an alien population in Ireland or the Americas

Dower Rights

In colonial America, the right of a widowed woman to inherit 1/3 of her deceased husband's property

Puritans

English religious group that sought to purify the Church of England; founded the Massachusetts Bay Colony under John Winthrop in 1630

John Winthrop

Puritan leader and governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony who resolved to use the colony as a refuge for persecuted Puritans and as an instrument of building a "wilderness Zion" in America

Pilgrims

Puritan Separatists who broke completely with the Church of England and sailed to the Americas aboard the Mayflower, founding Plymouth Colony on Cape Cod in 1620

Mayflower Compact

Document signed in 1620 aboard the Mayflower before the Pilgrims landed at Plymouth; the document committed the group to majority-rule government by its male colonists

Great Migration

The migration of approximately 21,000 English Puritans to the Massachusetts Bay Colony

Captivity Narratives

Account written by colonists after their time in Indian captivity, often stressing the captive's religious convictions

Pequot War

An armed conflict in 1637 fought between the Pequot Indians and an alliance of Narragansett, Mohegan, and English

Dissenters

Protestants who belonged to denominations outside of the established Anglican church

Half-Way Covenant

A 1662 religious compromise that allowed baptism and partial church membership to colonial New Englanders whose parents were not among the Puritan elect

English Liberty

The idea that English men were entitled to certain liberties, including trial by jury, habeas corpus, and the right to face one's accuser in court

Act Concerning Religion

1649 law that granted free exercise of religion to all Christian denominations in colonial Maryland