General Anatomy (Muscle & arteries/veins) - Irene Gold Booklet :)

What are the rotator cuff muscles?

supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis

What nerve innervates teres minor

axillary nerve

What is the only rotator cuff muscle that does not insert on the greater tuberosity

Subscapularis (inferior tuberosity)

What rotator cuff muscle does internal rotation

Subscapularis

What rotator cuff muscle abducts the arm

Supraspinatus

actions of latissimus dorsi

extends, adducts, and medially (internally) rotates humerus

actions of pectoralis major

flexes, adducts, and medially (internally) rotates humerus

actions of serratus anterior

Protracts and abducts scapula

Function of rhomboid muscles

Adduct and retract scapula

What nerve innervates serratus anterior

Long thoracic nerve

The rhomboids and the levator scapulae muscles are all innervated by

Dorsal scapular nerve

Function of pectoralis minor

Depresses humerus

Actions of teres major

Extends, adducts, internally rotates arm

What innervates pectoralis major

Medial and lateral pectoral nerve

What is the origin of the long head of bicep vs short head

Supraglenoid tubercle; coracoid process of scapula

function of coracobrachialis

flexes and adducts arm

The arm muscles that make up the anterior compartment are all innervated by what nerve

Musculocutaneous nerve

What muscles make up the posterior compartment of the arm

Triceps

What nerve supplies the triceps

Radial nerce

What nerve supplies the pronator teres

Median nerve

T/F the flexor carpi ulnaris and flexor carpi radialis are both innervated by the median nerve

False - flexor carpi ulnaris from ulnar nerve

What are the two parts of the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle

Humeral head (medial epicondyle) and ulnar head (olecranon)

What 3 locations does the flexor carpi ulnari insert on

Pisiform, hook of hamate, base of 5th MCP

Where does the flexor carpi radialis insert

Base of the 2nd and 3rd MCP

What muscles make up the superficial layer of the anterior forearm

pronator teres, flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, flexor carpi ulnaris

What muscles make up the deep layer of the anterior forearm

flexor pollicus longus, flexor digitorum profundus, pronator quadratus

What is the only muscle in teh intermediate layer of the anterior forearm

Flexor digitorum superficialis

What innervates the flexor digitorum profundus

median and ulnar nerves

T/F the anterior interosseous nerve innervates the muscles of the deep layer of anterior forearm

False - inneravtes flexor pollicus longus and pronator quadratus but not flexor digitorum profundus

All muscles of the anterior compartment of the thigh are innervated by the ________ nerve except _________

Femoral; Psoas major (spinal nerve L2-3)

What muscles cross both the hip and the knee joint

Rectus femoris, sartorius

What is the function of the vastus medialis, intermedius and lateralis muscles

Extends leg

Functions of sartorius muscle

Flexes knee, flexes hip, externally rotates hip

What anterior thigh muscles insert on the lesser trochanter of femur

Psoas major and iliacus

What are the muscles insert the lateral thigh compartment

TFL, glute max/med/min, piriformis

All of the lateral thigh muscles are innervated by ______ except _______

Superior gluteal nerve; gluteus maximus (inferior gluteal nerve)

Function of TFL

Abducts thigh, stabilizes IT band

What is the function of the gluteus muscles

Abducts thigh and internally rotates, glute max also does extension

Function of piriformis

Externally rotates hip

What thigh muscles make up the medial compartment

Adductor brevis/longus/magnus, gracilis, pectineus

What nerve innervates all muscles of the medial thigh compartment

Obturator nerve (*pectineus and adductor Magnus have dual innervation)

What is the dual innervation of adductor Magnus

Obturator and tibial nerves

What is the dual innervation to the pectineus muscle

Obturator and femoral nerves

What thigh muscle runs from the pubic symphyis to the tibia

Gracilis

All of the thigh muscles in the medial compartment adduct and flex the thigh except for ______

Adductor Magnus (adducts and extends thigh)

Where does the adductor Magnus insert

linea aspera and adductor tubercle of femur

What are the thigh muscles of the posterior compartment

Biceps femoris (long and short head), semimembranosus, semitendinosus

What is the action of ALL the posterior thigh muscles

Flex knee, externally rotates knee, extend hip

Describe the innervation of biceps femoris

Long head- tibial nerve, short head- common peroneal nerve

What muscles make up the pes anserine

Tendons of semitendinosus, gracilis, and sartorius

Where is the pes anserine

Medial knee

All of the posterior thigh muscles have an origin on the ischial tuberosity except _______

Short head of biceps femoris (linea aspera)

What bony structure seperates the greater and lesser sciatic notches

Ischial spine

What ligament transports the sciatic notches into the sciatic foramen

sacrospinous ligament

What structures pass through the lesser sciatic foramen

obturator internus muscle, nerve to obturator internus, pudendal nerve, internal pudendal vessels

T/F the piriformis muscle, superior gluteal nerve & artery, and sciatic nerve all pass through the greater sciatic foramen

True

What are the borders of the femoral triangle

Lateral: sartorius

Medial: adductor longus

Superior: inguinal ligament

What is the contents of the femoral triangle from medial to lateral

Femoral vein, femoral artery, femoral nerve (VAN)

Muscles of the anterior lower leg are all innervated by _______

Deep peroneal nerve

What muscles make up the anterior compartment of lower leg

Extensor digitorum longus, extensor hallicus longus, tibialis anterior, peroneus tertius

All of the anterior lower leg muscles have a connection to ______

The interosseus membrane

T/F the extensor hallicus longus helps to invert the ankle

True

Function of peroneus tertius

Dorsiflexes ankle, eversion ankle

What muscles make up the lateral compartment of lower leg

Peroneus brevis, peroneus longus

What nerve innervates the lateral compartment of lower leg

Superficial peroneal nerve

Action of the muscles insert the lateral compartment of lower leg

Eversion ankle, planter flexes ankle

What nerve innervates the posterior compartment of lower leg

Tibial nerve

What 3 posterior leg muscles insert on the calcaneus

Gastrocnemius, plantaris, soleus

Function of popliteus

Flexes leg, internally rotates leg

Describe the origin and insertion of popliteus

Lateral femoral condyle to posterior tibia

Where does the tibialis posterior muscle insert

Navicular, cuneiform, cuboid and 2-4 metatarsals

What nerve innervates the interossei muscles of the foot

Lateral plantar nerve (branch of tibial)

What muscle abducts the toes

Dorsal interossei

What muscle adducts toes

Palmar interossei

What is the innervation to the lumbrical muscles

Lumbrical 1- medial plantar nerve, Lumbricals 2-4 lateral plantar nerve

Function of the lumbricals

Flexes MTP, extends PIP and DIP

Branches off the aortic arch

brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid artery, left subclavian artery

The auxiliary artery is a branch off of _______ artery

Subclavian artery

The brachial artery will branch into what two arteries

Radial and ulnar

What is the common interosseus artery a branch of

Ulnar artery

Describe the venous drainage of the medial arm

Basilic vein -> brachial vein -> axillary vein

Describe the venous drainage of the lateral arm

Cephalic vein -> axillary vein

Describe the path of how the axillary vein dumps into the superior vena cava

Axillary vein -> subclavian and internal jugular vein -> brachiocephalic vein -> superior vena cava

What vein connects the cephalic and basilic veins at the elbow?

median cubital vein

What are the branches of the posterior tibial artery

peroneal artery, medial and lateral plantar arteries

Describe the pathway to get blood into the popliteal artery

Aorta -> common iliac artery -> external iliac artery -> femoral artery -> popliteal artery

T/F the femoral artery is a branch off the internal iliac artery

False (external)

T/F the tibial arteries are a branch off the femoral artery

True (branch into popliteal artery 1st then tibial arteries)

What branches off the anterior tibial artery

dorsalis pedis artery -> arcuate artery

Describe the venous drainage from the lateral dorsal venous arch

Lesser (short) saphenous vein -> popliteal vein -> femoral vein

How does the femoral vein drain into the inferior vena cava

femoral vein -> external & internal iliac veins -> common iliac vein -> inferior vena cava