Earthquake Summative Review

lithosphere

Rigid layer, broken into plates and includes the crust and the rigid upper mantle

asthenosphere

The taffy-like section of the mantle that slowly moves, causing the layer(s) above it to move, too.

oceanic crust

Denser part of crust that sits lower on the surface

continental crust

Less dense part of the crust that sits above the oceans

outer core

Liquid metal that is very hot.

inner core

Solid sphere of metal that is very hot.

upper mantle

Rigid part of the mantle included in the lithosphere

crust

Thin, outermost layer of the earth

Volcanic islands

Form when 2 oceanic plates converge

Trenches

Form as a result of converging lithospheric plates with oceanic and oceanic, or continental and oceanic

Divergent Boundary

Lithospheric plates that are moving away from each other. New crust is usually created at this boundary.

Convergent Boundary

Lithospheric plates that are moving toward each other. Crust is usually destroyed at this boundary.

Subduction

Movement of one Lithospheric plate under another, destroying the crust as it sinks deep into the mantle.

Mid-Ocean Ridges

Occur at divergent boundaries; build undersea mountains

Transform Boundary

Lithospheric plates that slide past each other. Crust is not created or destroyed.

Continental mountains

These form when 2 continental plates converge.

Core

Supplies heat energy for the process that causes earthquakes (includes an inner and outer portion)

Convection

When this process occurs in the asthenosphere, it causes lithospheric plates to move

Earthquakes

These happen whenever two plates move in relation to one another.

Convection Currents

These repeating patterns are caused by uneven heating in the asthenosphere

Tensional Stress

The stress produced by two tectonic plates moving apart

Compressional Stress

Squeezes a rock and shortens a rock body

Shear Stress

Stress that pushes rocks in parallel but opposite directions