Maori principles

Ngāi Tūāhuriri

Local hapū (sub-tribe) in the area.

Ngāi Tahu

The larger iwi (tribe) in the South Island region.

Hawaiki

Polynesian homeland from where early Māori migrated.

Kupe

Legendary figure who led early Māori migration from Hawaiki.

Kuramārōtini

Another legendary figure associated with early Māori migration.

Whānau

The basic unit of Māori society, responsible for everyday survival.

Hapū

A grouping of whānau organized for larger tasks like defence and agriculture.

Iwi

A federation of hapū that provides identity and cultural traditions.

Mana

Spiritual authority that can be inherited or earned through achievement.

Manaakitanga

Hospitality and generosity, reflecting the mana of a person or group.

Rāhui

Customary temporary bans on resource use for environmental regeneration.

Mana whenua

Authority based on ancestral connection and ability to utilize land productively.

Abel Tasman

First recorded European to sight New Zealand in 1642.

James Cook

Mapped Aotearoa in 1769 and initiated sustained European contact.

Te Tiriti o Waitangi

The Treaty of Waitangi, signed on 6 February 1840.

Partnership (in the context of Te Tiriti o Waitangi)

Working together in governance in good faith.

Protection (in the context of Te Tiriti o Waitangi)

Safeguarding Māori culture, language, and resources.

Māori representation in prison

They make up 16% of NZ's population but 52% of the prison population.

Systemic bias

One of the causes for the overrepresentation of Māori in the justice system.

Historical dispossession

A cause for socio-economic inequality among Māori.

Socioeconomic inequality

A contributing factor to Māori overrepresentation in the justice system.