Conditions week 13 and 14

Stroke (CVA)

A disruption of blood flow to the brain, resulting in dysfunction.

Ischemic Stroke

The most common type of stroke caused by blockage of blood flow, including embolic and thrombotic.

Embolic Stroke

A type of ischemic stroke where a clot from elsewhere travels to the brain.

Thrombotic Stroke

A type of ischemic stroke where a clot forms in a brain vessel.

Hemorrhagic Stroke

A stroke caused by the rupture of a blood vessel in the brain.

TIA (Transient Ischemic Attack)

A temporary blockage of blood flow to the brain, often called a mini-stroke with no permanent damage.

Mutable Risk Factors

Factors that can be changed, such as hypertension, smoking, obesity, diet, diabetes, alcohol, stress, inactivity, and cardiac conditions.

Non-mutable Risk Factors

Factors that cannot be changed, such as ethnicity, age, gender, and heredity.

FAST

A mnemonic for stroke symptoms: Face droop, Arm drift, Speech slurred, Time to call 911.

Left CVA Symptoms

Right side weakness, aphasia, emotional changes, awareness of deficits, and depression.

Right CVA Symptoms

Left side weakness, impulsive behavior, spatial perception issues, and neglect.

Hemiplegia

Total paralysis of one side of the body.

Hemiparesis

Weakness of one side of the body.

Ataxia

Poor coordination.

Neglect

Unawareness of one side of the body.

tPA (Tissue Plasminogen Activator)

A treatment only for ischemic strokes administered within 3 hours.

Multiple Sclerosis (MS)

An autoimmune disease that attacks CNS myelin.

Remitting MS

A type of MS characterized by flare-ups and recovery.

Secondary Progressive MS

A type of MS with steady decline after relapses.

Primary Progressive MS

A type of MS with continuous progression of symptoms.

Parkinson’s Disease (PD)

A neurological disorder characterized by the loss of dopamine in the substantia nigra.

Sinemet

A medication combining Levodopa and Carbidopa used to treat Parkinson's Disease.

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)

A progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects motor neurons.

Acquired Brain Injury (ABI)

Brain damage resulting from injury that causes functional change.

Glasgow Coma Scale

Assessment scale measuring eye, verbal, and motor responses for brain injury.

Frontal Lobe Functions

Attention, executive function, speech, motor planning, and behavior control.

Cerebellum Functions

Balance, coordination, and motor skills.

Spina Bifida

A birth defect where the spinal cord fails to form properly.

Spinal Stenosis

Narrowed spinal spaces causing nerve pressure, often leading to pain and weakness.

ASIA Scale

Classification system for spinal cord injuries based on sensory and motor function.

Brown-Sequard Syndrome

A type of spinal cord injury with motor/sensory loss on one side and pain/temp loss on the other.

Dermatome

Skin area served by specific spinal nerves.

Myotome

Muscle groups served by specific spinal nerves.

C1–C4 SCI Level

Most severe level of spinal cord injury causing paralysis in limbs/trunk.

Spinal Shock

A temporary condition post-SCI characterized by flaccid paralysis.

Temporal Lobe functions

Memory, language, hearing, communication.

Parietal Lobe functions

Sensory integration, perception, math, body awareness.

• Brain Stem functions

Vital functions (breathing, heart rate), consciousness.

Spinal Epidural Abscess

Infection between spine and spinal cord lining; causes swelling

Anterior Cord Syndrome

Loss of motor, pain, temp sensation below injury

C5 SCI

Arm/shoulder movement; needs help for ADLs; uses power wheelchair.

C6 SCI

Wrist extension; better mobility, may drive adapted car.

C7 SCI

Elbow and finger extension; mostly independent with ADLs.

C8 SCI

Hand movement; good independence but bowel/bladder issues persist.

SCI complications

Spinal shock, flaccid paralysis, respiratory issues, autonomic dysreflexia, postural hypotension, DVT, thermal regulation issues.

SCI Interventions

Physical rehab, adaptive tech (wheelchairs, driving), aquatic therapy, harness training