Quick review Quiz 1 BIO 1023

Influenza A

The only type of influenza that causes pandemics.

Genetic drift, genetic shift, genetic reassortment

Processes that Influenza undergoes that involve shuffling of DNA between viruses.

Hemagglutinin (H)

A protein that attaches to the respiratory cell.

Neurotropic viruses

Viruses like Zika and West Nile that affect the nervous system.

Yellow fever

A tropical disease found in South America and Africa, which has a live attenuated vaccine.

Viremia

A very short period of the virus in the bloodstream.

West Nile Disease (WND)

Can result in conditions such as meningitis, encephalitis, or myelitis.

IgG and IgM antibodies

IgG lasts for life while IgM is short-lived, typically lasting 3 months.

Dengue's critical phase

A phase that includes plasma leakage, low platelet count, and the risk of hemorrhagic fever.

Chikungunya

A virus that causes severe arthritis and means 'to be contorted'.

Antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE)

A mechanism where non-neutralizing antibodies enhance viral infections.

Monkeypox

A double-stranded DNA virus associated with lymphadenopathy.

Transmission of Monkeypox

Can occur through sores, fomites, sexual transmission, and respiratory spread.

Smallpox vaccine

A vaccine derived from cowpox, used for smallpox prevention.

Norovirus

A non-enveloped virus spread through fecal-oral routes and leading to gastrointestinal illness.

Incubation period for Norovirus

Typically 24-48 hours before symptoms appear.

Asymptomatic shedding

The release of the virus into the environment without showing symptoms.

Human reservoir

Smallpox is uniquely characterized as a pathogen that only infects humans.

Hemorrhagic manifestations

Severe bleeding conditions seen in dengue during the critical phase.

Live vaccine

A type of vaccine that contains a weakened form of the virus.

Food and water contamination

Possible ways Norovirus can spread if transmitted through contaminated sources.