BIOL-151 A General Biology I Final Exam

Flashcards for BIOL-151 A General Biology I Final Exam Review

In homo sapiens, what do the "homo" and "sapiens" denote in terms of classification levels?

Genus, Species

Which of the following orders is correct in terms of the hierarchy of organization?

Biosphere → Ecosystem → Community → Population → Organism

Based on the number of electrons in their valence shell, which element can replace Oxygen in compounds such as water and glucose?

Sulfur

What type of bond forms between carbon and hydrogen atoms in hydrocarbon molecules, considering their similar electronegativities?

Nonpolar covalent

Hydrophobic substances such as vegetable oil are…

Nonpolar substances that repel water molecules

Which property of water enables insects to walk on it?

Surface Tension

Which two functional groups are always found in amino acids?

Carboxyl and amino groups

Which of the following is a polymer: glucose, protein, or lipid?

Protein

The folding of amino acid chains into an alpha helix in a protein is its structure.

Secondary

Which of the following structures is common to plant, animal, and bacterial cells?

Ribosomes

Accumulation of asbestos from phagocytosis most likely results in toxicity in which of the following organelles?

Lysosomes

Why do unsaturated fatty acids help keep a membrane more fluid at lower temperatures?

The double bonds form kinks in the fatty acid tails, preventing adjacent lipids from packing tightly.

A sodium-potassium pump .

Moves 3 sodium ions out of a cell and 2 potassium ions into a cell using energy from ATP hydrolysis

In the provided figure, which lowercase letter denotes the activation energy of a reaction with a catalyst involved?

Activation energy of a reaction with a catalyst involved.

In the provided figure, which lowercase letter denotes the free energy change in a reaction?

Free energy change in a reaction.

Following glycolysis and the citric acid cycle, most of the energy from the original glucose molecule is stored in which molecule?

NADH

In a chemical reaction, if NADH is converted to NAD+ + H+, we would say that NADH has been:

Oxidized

Which of the following molecules transfers electrons between Photosystems II and I?

Cytochrome Complex

In plant cells, where is ATP made in response to light using an electron transport chain?

Thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts

Which sequence best describes the steps in a signal transduction pathway that utilizes a G protein-coupled receptor?

3, 1, 5, 2, 4

During which phase are chromosomes moving toward opposite poles in animal cells?

Anaphase

If you see a cell plate developing across the middle of a cell and nuclei re-forming at opposite poles, this cell is most likely…

A plant cell in the process of cytokinesis.

Which of the following is true of a species that has a chromosome number of 2n = 16?

A gamete from this species has 8 chromosomes.

A phenotypically normal couple have a normal girl and a boy with cystic fibrosis. What is the probability that their next child will be a girl with cystic fibrosis?

0

In snapdragons, plants with red flowers are crossed with plants with pink flowers. What proportion of the offspring will have white flowers?

0%

Down syndrome is an abnormality of which chromosome?

21

Cytosine makes up 30% of the nucleotides in a sample of dsDNA. What percentage of the nucleotides in this sample will be thymine?

20

A tRNA molecule that has amino acid(s) attached to it, is NOT called as follows:

Uncharged tRNA

Which of the following types of genes are most likely to cause cancer?

All of the above

Which of the following is the same between stem cells and differentiated cells?

DNA sequence

What are prions?

Misfolded versions of normal proteins that can cause disease

Which of the following is NOT a part of a virus?

Hands

Which characteristic is typical of the lytic cycle of a bacteriophage?

A large number of phages are released at a time.

If you discovered a bacterial cell that contained no restriction enzymes, what would be expected to happen?

The cell would be easily infected and lysed by bacteriophages.

Is an example of Pluripotent stem cells.

Embryonic Stem cells

Can give rise to several different cells of an organism.

Multipotent Stem Cell

Behaves almost like Pluripotent stem cells.

induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Can give rise to most different cells of an organism

Pluripotent Stem cell

Can give rise to all different cells of an organism

Totipotent Stem Cell

In a Hardy-Weinberg population with two alleles, A and a (equilibrium), the frequency of 'a' is 0.7. What is the frequency of individuals homozygous for 'A'?

0.09

In a Hardy-Weinberg population with two alleles, A and a (equilibrium), the frequency of allele 'a' is 0.8. What is the frequency of heterozygous individuals?

0.32

Which is greater: The pH inside of a lysosome (TOP) or The pH of the cytoplasm of an animal cell. (BOT)?

B

Which is greater: The probability of an animal cell to burst/lyse when placed in an isotonic solution (TOP) or The probability of a plant cell to burst/lyse when placed in an hypotonic solution. (BOT)?

B

Which is greater: The number of chromosomes a person with Trisomy X has in a somatic cell.(TOP) or The number of chromosomes a person with Turner's syndrome has in a somatic cell. (BOT)?

A

Which is greater: The number of polypeptides attached on an aminoacyl tRNA (TOP) or The number of polypeptides attached on a peptidyl tRNA (BOT)?

B

Which is greater: The likelihood to find genes encoding for enzymes of a same pathway close to each other in the genome of an E. Coli (TOP) or The likelihood to find genes encoding for enzymes of a same pathway close to each other in the genome of human cells (BOT)?

A

Which is greater: The quantity of energy present in the photons of red color light (740nm) (TOP) or The quantity of energy present in the photons of blue color light (500nm) (BOT)?

B

Which is greater: The MPF activity during M phase of cell cycle(TOP) or The MPF activity during G1 phase of cell cycle.(BOT)?

A

Which is greater: The activity of the ligase enzyme in the leading strand, during DNA replication.(TOP) or The activity of the ligase enzyme in the lagging strand, during DNA replication.(BOT)?

B