Lab Exam 4

What is the muscle indicated by the yellow 1?

Epicranius frontal belly

What is the muscle indicated by the yellow 2?

Epicranius occipital belly

What is the muscle indicated by the yellow 3? Origin? Insert? Function>

Temporalis; originates on the parietal bone, inserts on the coronoid process of the mandible, and elevates the mandible.

What is the muscle indicated by the yellow 4? Origin? Insert? Function?

Masseter; originates on the zygomatic arch, inserts on the ramus and angle of the mandible, and elevates the mandible.

What is the muscle indicated by the yellow 1? Origin? Insert? Function?

Zygomaticus major; originates on the zygomatic bone, inserts on the fibrous tissue at the superolateral corner of the mouth, and draws the corner of the mouth superiorly and laterally as in a smile.

What is the muscle indicated by the yellow 2? Function?

Orbicularis oculi; closes the eye.

What is the muscle indicated by the yellow 3? Function?

Orbicularis oris; closes the mouth and puckers the lips.

What is the muscle indicated by the yellow 5? Origin? Insert? Function?

Sternocleidomastoid; originates on the manubrium of the sternum and the medial clavicle, inserts on the mastoid process of the temporal bone, causes contralateral rotation and ipsilateral flexion.

What is the muscle indicated by the yellow 6? Function?

Splenius capitis; when working together the muscles extend the neck and when a single muscle contracts, it causes ipsilateral rotation.

What is the muscle indicated by the 1? Function?

Platysma; depresses the mandible and tightens the skin in the neck.

What is the muscle indicated by the yellow 1? Function?

Superior rectus muscle; elevates the eye.

What is the muscle indicated by the 2? Function?

Lateral rectus muscle, elevates the eye.

What is the muscle indicated by the black 3?

Lacrimal gland

What is the muscle indicated by the yellow 3? Function?

Medial rectus; adducts the eye.

What is the muscle indicated by the yellow 4? Function?

Inferior rectus; depresses the eye.

What is the muscle indicated by the black 1’s? Origin? Insert? Function?

Rectus abdominis; originates on the crest of the pubis, inserts on the costal cartilage and the xiphoid process of the sternum, and flexes the trunk.

What is the muscle indicated by the black 2’s? Function?

External oblique; flexes the trunk and causes contralateral rotation of the trunk.

What is the muscle indicated by the yellow 3? Function?

Internal oblique; compresses the abdomen when working together and causes ipsilateral rotation when just one side contracts.

What is the muscle indicated by the yellow 4? Function?

Transverse abdominis; compresses the abdominal cavity.

What is the muscle indicated by the yellow 5? Function?

External intercostal muscles; elevate the ribs to expand the thoracic cavity during inspiration.

What is the muscle indicated by the yellow 2? Function?

Internal intercostal; pull the ribs down which decreases the thoracic volume during active forceful expiration.

What is the muscle indicated by the black 1? Function?

Diaphragm; separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities and increases the volume of the thoracic cavity during inspiration.

What are the structures indicated by the black 1 and yellow 2?

1 is the sarcolemma and 2 is endomysium, a layer of loose connective tissue that wraps around the fiber.

What are the structures indicated by 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5?

1 is the sarcolemma, 2 is the endomysium. 3 is the motor end plate that abuts a synaptic knob, 4 is the synaptic knob, and 5 is the telodendrion attached to the axon terminal.

What are the structures indicated by the numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6?

1 is sarcolemma, 2 is endomysium, 3 is nucleus, 4 is synaptic knob, 5 is motor end plate, and 6 is myofibrils that allow the fiber to contract.

What is the structure indicated by the yellow 1? Origin? Insert? Function?

Pectoralis minor; originates on ribs 3-5, inserts on the coracoid process of the scapula, and protracts the scapula.

What is the structure indicated by the yellow 2? Function?

Serratus anterior; protracts the scapula.

What is the muscle indicated by the yellow 1?

Serratus anterior

What is the diamond-shaped muscle? Role?

Trapezius, plays a huge role in scapular movements.

What is the structure indicated by the yellow 1? Function?

Upper fibers, elevates the scapula.

What is the structure indicated by the yellow 2? Function?

Middle fibers, adducts and retracts the scapula.

What is the structure indicated by the yellow 3? Function?

Lower fibers, depresses the scapula.

What is the structure outlined in purple? Origin? Insert?

Deltoid, originates on the lateral clavicle as well as the acromion and spine of the scapula, and inserts on the deltoid tuberosity of the humerus.

What is the structure indicated by the yellow 1? Function?

Anterior fibers, cause flexion of the arm.

What is the structure indicated by the yellow 2? Function?

Middle fibers, adducts and retracts the scapula.

What is the structure indicated by the yellow 3? Function?

Posterior fibers, cause extension of the arm.

What is the muscle indicated by the yellow 1? Function?

Pectoralis major, flexion and adduction of the arm.

What is the muscle indicated by the yellow 1? Function?

Latissimus dorsi, extends and adducts the humerus.

What is the muscle indicated by the yellow 1? Function?

Subscapularis muscle, medially rotates and adducts the humerus.

What is the muscle indicated by the yellow 1? Function?

Supraspinatus, abducts the humerus.

What is the muscle indicated by the yellow 2? Function?

Infraspinatus; adducts and laterally rotates the humerus.

What is the muscle indicated by the yellow 3? Function?

Teres minor; adducts and laterally rotates the humerus.

What is the muscle indicated by the yellow 1?

Infraspinatus

What is the muscle indicated by the yellow 2?

Deltoid

What is the muscle indicated by the yellow 3?

Trapezius

What is the muscle indicated by the yellow 4?

Teres minor

What is the muscle indicated by the yellow 1? Origin? Insert?

Biceps brachii; originates on the coracoid process of the scapula and the rim of the glenoid fossa of the scapula, and inserts on the radial tuberosity.

What is muscle indicated by the yellow 2? Function?

Brachialis, one of the synergists of the biceps brachii.

What is muscle indicated by the yellow 1?

Biceps brachii

What is the muscle indicated by the yellow 2?

Brachialis

What is the structure indicated by the yellow 1?

Biceps brachii

What is the muscle indicated by the yellow 2?

Brachialis

What is the muscle indicated by the yellow 3?

Brachioradialis

What is the muscle indicated by the yellow 1?

Biceps brachii

What is the muscle indicated by the yellow 2?

Brachialis

What is muscle indicated by the yellow 3?

Brachioradialis

What is the muscle indicated by the yellow 1?

Biceps brachii

What is the muscle indicated by the yellow 2?

Brachialis

What is the muscle indicated by the yellow 3?

Brachioradialis

What is the muscle indicated by the yellow 1? Origin? Insert? Function?

Triceps brachii; originates on the lateral scapula and on the diaphysis of the humerus, inserts on the olecranon process of the ulna, and extends the elbow.

What is the muscle indicated by the yellow 1?

Triceps brachii

What is the muscle indicated by the yellow 1?

Lateral head of the triceps brachii

What is the muscle indicated by the yellow 2?

Long head of the triceps brachii

What is the muscle indicated by the yellow 3

Medial head of the triceps brachii

What movement is this?

Flexion

What movement is this?

Extension

What movement is this?

Adduction

What movement is this?

Abduction

What is the muscle indicated by the yellow 1? Function?

Flexor carpi ulnaris, adducts the wrist.

What is the muscle indicated by the yellow 2? Origin? Insert? Function?

Flexor carpi radialis; originates on the medial epicondyle of the humerus, inserts on metacarpals 2 and 3, and abducts the wrist.

What is the muscle indicated by the yellow 3?

Brachioradialis

What is the muscle indicated by the yellow 1?

Biceps brachii

What is the muscle indicated by the yellow 2?

Brachialis

What is the muscle indicated by the yellow 3?

Triceps brachii

What is the muscle indicated by the yellow 5? Function?

Extensor carpi radialis longus, abducts the wrist.

What is the muscle indicated by the yellow 5?

Extensor carpi radialis longus

What is the muscle indicated by the yellow 6?

Flexor carpi radialis

What is the muscle indicated by the yellow 2?

Flexor carpi ulnaris

What is the muscle indicated by the yellow 3? Function?

Extensor carpi ulnaris, adducts the wrist.

What is indicated by the yellow 1?

Striation

What is indicated by the yellow 2?

Nuclei

What tissue is this?

Cardiac muscle

What tissue is this?

Skeletal muscle

What is indicated by the yellow 1?

Striation

What is indicated by the yellow 2?

Intercalated disks

What tissue is this?

Smooth muscle

What section is indicated by 1?

Transverse section

What section is indicated by the 2?

Longitudinal section

Why are the cells considered “smooth”?

They lack striations.

What is indicated by the yellow 1?

Striation

What is indicated by the yellow 2?

Neuromuscular junction

What movement is this?

Flexion

What movement is this?

Extension

What movement is this?

Abduction

What movement is this?

Adduction

What muscle is outlined in yellow? Function?

Psoas major, flexes the hip.

What muscle is outlined in blue? Function?

Iliacus, flexes the hip.

How is the psoas major unique?

It is the only lower appendage muscle that attaches to the vertebrae.

What is the muscle indicated by the yellow 1? Function?

Sartorius, abducts and laterally rotates the thigh and flexes the knee to boot.

What is the muscle outlined in yellow? Origin? Insert? Function?

Rectus femoris; originates on the iliac portion of the hip bone, inserts on the base of the patella, and flexes the hip.