Chemistry Unit 1 Grade 11

What is the formula for Carbonate ion?

CO3^2-.

What is a polyatomic ion?

Polyatomic ions are ions made up of two or more atoms bonded together, which carry a net positive or negative charge.

What is the mnemonic used to remember diatomic molecules?

HOFBrINCl.

What is Fluorate?

The formula for Fluorate is FO3-.

What is the formula for Chlorate?

The formula for Chlorate is ClO3-.

What is the formula for Sulfate

The formula for Sulfate is SO4^2-.

formula for Nitrate?

The formula for Nitrate is NO3-.

Formula for Hydroxide

The formula for Hydroxide is OH-.

Formula for Ammonium?

The formula for Ammonium is NH4^+.

Formula for permanganate

The formula for Permanganate is MnO4^-.

What is the formula for Phosphate?

The formula for Phosphate is PO4^3-.

What is the formula for Bromate?

The formula for Bromate is BrO3-.

What is Atomic Radii?

Atomic Radii is the size of an atom and is used as a unit of measurement to find the radius of an atom.

What is the trend of Atomic Radii in the Periodic Table?

As you go to the bottom left of the Periodic Table, the atomic radius increases.

What is Effective Nuclear Charge (Zeff)?

Zeff is the positive charge that pulls electrons towards the nucleus and is calculated as Zeff = #protons - #inner electrons.

What is Ionization Energy?

The amount of energy required to remove an electron from an isolated atom.

Where is the highest Ionization Energy found on the Periodic Table?

In elements closest to the top right corner, such as Noble gases.

What is Electron Affinity?

A measurement of the attraction between the incoming electron and the nucleus.

How do metals and nonmetals react according to their electron attraction?

Metals lose electrons and nonmetals gain electrons.

What is an Ionic Bond?

A bond formed by the transfer of electrons between a metal and a non-metal to achieve a complete valence shell.

What are properties of ionic substances?

They form a crystal lattice, have high melting/boiling points, and are hard but brittle in water.

What is Covalent Bonding?

A bond between nonmetals where electrons are shared instead of transferred.

What does the Octet rule state about bond formation?

It allows a maximum of 8 electrons in the valence shell.

What does VSEPR stand for?

Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion.

What does the formula AB#E# represent in VSEPR theory?

A is the central atom, B is the number of bonding electron pairs, and E is the number of non-bonding lone electron pairs.

What shape does the Linear Diagram represent in VSEPR?

A straight line.

What is the common feature of Noble gases regarding chemical reactivity?

They have a complete valence shell which makes them very stable and generally unreactive.

What type of charge does an anion have?

A negative charge.

What type of charge does a cation have?

A positive charge.

How do you calculate Zeff for Carbon?

Zeff is calculated as 4 (number of protons) - 0 (inner electrons) = 4.