Ch13_Mutations

Mutations are __________ changes in genetic material.

heritable

The genetic makeup of a cell or organism is called __________.

genotype

The observable characteristics of a cell or organism depend upon __________ + __________.

genotype, environment

In humans, genetic variation is approximately __________.

0.4%

A mutation that leads to fewer or no offspring is considered to __________ fitness.

decrease

An allele is a __________ DNA sequence for a particular gene.

particular

Multiple copies of a gene may allow divergence of DNA sequence which can lead to __________ families.

gene

DNA sequences that can move in/out of chromosomes are called __________.

transposable elements

Cystic Fibrosis is caused by mutations in the __________ gene.

CFTR

The __________ mutation can change a codon for a specific amino acid to a STOP codon.

nonsense

Hemoglobin S allele is considered __________ because it can provide resistance to malaria.

beneficial

The expression of which gene allows adults to digest lactose?

lactase

Most mutations are __________, occurring spontaneously and without regard to organism needs.

random

DNA Repair enzymes help fix damage caused by __________.

mutagens

The base pair change that leads to sickle cell disease is classified as a __________ mutation.

missense

_________________ mutations in germ cells can cause genetic diseases in offspring.

Mutations

The __________ gene has mutations that result in an increased risk of breast cancer when defective.

BRCA1

The process of DNA typing is based on the use of __________ repeats in the human genome.

tandem

A __________ mutation is when a nucleotide is added or deleted causing a shift in the reading frame.

frameshift

The __________ mutation occurs when there is a single base change that results in a different amino acid in a protein.

non-synonymous

In __________ mutations, the new allele does not result in a change in the amino acid sequence.

silent

__________ refers to the ability of an organism to survive and reproduce, contributing to the genetic pool of the next generation.

Fitness

__________ refers to the occurrence of two or more different alleles at a locus in a population.

Polymorphism

__________ are genetic sequences that can move from one location to another within the genome, often referred to as jumping elements.

Transposons

The mutation of the __________ gene is an inherited risk factor for colon cancer.

APC

__________ genes are those that have two or more different alleles at a locus in a population. ABO is this kind of gene

Polymorphic

__________ is the protein that DNA wraps around in our chromosomes.

Histone