Global Pop Music Exam #1

3 Levels of Identity

Personal, Community, and External

Personal Identity

How we see ourselves

Community Identitiy

Membership in social groups

External Identity

How others see us

Music actively constructs identity through

Shared community, identifiable genre characteristics, lyrics, etc

Timbre

A term describing the tonal quality of a sound; a clarinet and an oboe sounding the same note as the same loudness are said to produce different timbres

Intersectionality

The concept that each individual has multiple overlapping identities, some of which may grant them privilege, and some of which may not

Tejano identity

Mexican Americans in Texas

BLM anthem

We Shall Overcome

Lemonade

Protest album by Beyonce

A Mother’s Rite

Protest dance, Mission to create works that create spaces for black artists

Nation

An imagined political community — and imagined as both inherently limited and sovereign. or a creative community-driven response to contemporary circumstances that draws upon and modifies older traditions to confront current realities

Transnational

Operating across national boundaries

Rastafarianism

Religious movement beginning in Jamaica.

Who started rastafarianism

Marcus Garvey: Black nationalist: Gospel of returning to Africa

Sound System

Mobile entertainment collectives in Jamacia in 60s-70s

Dub

A technique of reggae in which records are remixed to create new backing tracks for improvised vocal solos

Merry-Go-Round technique

Two copies of the same record on two different turntables

Bata drumming

Each drum has a different shape, timbre, characteristic ryhthem

Iya

Mother Drum

Itotele

Middle Drum

Okonkolo

Smallest Drum

DJ Kool Here

Immigrated to Jamaica and holds the party that “founded” hip hop in the Bronx

When does Hip Hop go global?

1980s

In the 1990s what does the Cuban Group Orishas do?

Combines Afro-diasportic traditions including batá and son with hip hop

Visuals of Havana

Classic cars, Panama hats, palm tree and beaches

How did Fidel Castro view rap?

Thought it was the enemy due to relationship to US capitalism

1995 Grupo Uno

First rap festival with government approval

Cuban son

Predecessor to salsa music: Developed 1890s in Afro-Cuban communities then combined elements of European, African, and indigenous musical traditions

Montuno

Final call and response section

Clave

Refers both to instrument and rhythm: A timeline that determines the rhythmic patters and relationships of all of the other instruments in the band

Conga

Tumbadora, African origins, Added to son ensembles in 1950s

Bongo

Plays martillo, rhythm in initial sections

Guiro

Hand-held scraper, Made from gourd

Polyrhythm/interlocking rhythm

The juxtaposition of two or more different rhythmic patterns

#NotYourMascot

Online activism against stereotypes of indigenous people

Indigenous

General term for groups endemic to a particular area

First Nations

Acknowledges the impacts of colonialism

Specific tribe

Lakota, Mapuche, Citizen Potawatomi, etc

Terms to use

Indigenous, first nations, specific tribe

Terms to avoid

Indian and the Natives

Frank Waln

Sicangu Lakota from Rosebud Sioux reservation, South Dakota

Nataanii Means and Mike Witko Cliff

Pine Ridge Reservation South Dakota

Inez Jasper

Skowkale First Nation, Chilliwack, BC, Canada

Instrumentation

Crow Elements: Flute, drum Hip Hop Elements: Turntable

Style of dress

Crow Elements: Regalia beaded ornaments, feathers Hip Hop Elements: Rapping, beat boxing

Movement

Crow Elements: Fancy Dancing Hip Hop Elements: Break Dancing

In an article we read in class, David Byrne says he haes this label.

World Music

A word used to describe the quality or “tone color” of a sound

Timbre

In pop music, a short melodic fragment designed to grab the listener.

Hook

These anthropological terms refer to insider and outsider perspectives

Emic and etic

Sloan and Harding use these two songs to discuss differences between “indie” and “pop” production

Maps and Since U Been Gone

Often associated with country and bluegrass, this stringed instrument has direct African origins

Banjo

This 2019 hit song was controversially removed from the Billboard Country charts

Old Town Road

A title shared by two very different songs: one by Toby Keith and another by Jay-Z, Kanye West, and Frank Ocean

Made In America

We used this term to describe purposeful grunts interjected between phrases, particularly in some hip hop tracks.

Non Lexical Utterances

Selena Quintanilla performed in this genre

Tejano

2022 album Moonchild Mixes did this to Selena’s voice

Aged it/detuned it to make her sound older

Messages written on this Corpus Christi Tourist attraction opened up debates about memorializing Selna

Mirador de la Flor

This line, from a song by rapper Kendrick Lamar, made it an anthem of the Black Lives Matter movement

“we gon’ be all right”

At least three of the four characteristics Zeheer Ali argues are typical of protest music.

Chronicles a history, provides social critique, connects people, and/or is a call to action

A term coined by Josh Kun to discuss how we experience music not just as sounds, but as a space

Audiotopia

In class, we watched a video of this song, which positions Black Lives Matter as a continuous part of history

“We Shall Overcome”

A genre often referred to as rap music’s elder kin

Reggae

The four “classic” elements of hip hop culture

Graffiti, DJing, B-boying, and Mcing

A technique developed by DJ Kool Herc to play musical breaks continuously at parties.

Merry-go-round

The song’s msuic video features powerful visuals of indigenous culture, corporates symbols of resistance and survival, and lyrics critiquing oppression

Frank Waln’s “AbOriginal”

The 1997 album is considered the most successful “World Music” album of all time

Buena Vista Social Club

A period of extreme economic hardship in Cuba, brought on by the fall of the Soviet Union

“Special Period”

The organizers responsible for the first Cuban rap festivals organized with government approval.

Grupo Uno