Overview of Anatomy of Thorax

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54 Terms

1
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what are the three main planes?

transverse/horizontal plane

coronal/frontal plane

sagittal plane

2
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what does anterior or ventral mean?

towards the front or back

3
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what is mean by superior or cranial?

towards head end of the body

4
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what is meant by inferior or caudal?

towards the tail end

5
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what is meant by medial and lateral (with respect to median plane)

In regards to the medium plane, medial is closet to the medium plane

6
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what is abduction and adduction?

moving away/towards the medium plane

7
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what is medial and lateral rotation?

medial - towards the medium plane

lateral - away from the medium plane

8
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what is pronation and supination?

only in regard to the forelimb on the upper limb.

Supination - facing towards the front

Pronation - facing it backwards

9
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What is inversion and eversion?

only in the lower limb - inversion the foot goes inwards

eversion - is foot going outward

10
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What is elevation and depression?

lifting and dropping the shoulders

11
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what is circumduction?

a complex of movement

12
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chest wall diagram (bones)

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13
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chest wall lines diagram

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14
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what does the suprasternal plane go through

the jugular notch

15
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what are the 3 layers of intercostal muscles?

external, internal, innermost

16
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what are the 2 pleural membranes?

visceral and parietal pleura

17
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what does the visceral pleura do?

covers the lungs

18
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what does the parietal pleura do?

lines the pulmonary cavities

19
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chest wall diagram

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20
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what is the name for a chest drain?

thoracocentesis

21
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where is the supperior thoracic aperture?

opening at top of the ribs

22
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what is the supperior thoracic aperture?

opening for structures to enter/leave neck/thorax

23
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what and where is the inferior thoracic aperture?

opening at the lower part of the thoracic cavity that is closed by the diaphram

24
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what is thoracic outlet syndrome?

Compression of one or more of the structures passing

out of the thoracic outlet. The subclavian artery or vein or lower portion of the brachial plexus is often involved.

25
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diagram of the 1st rib (atypical)

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26
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diagram of 8th rib (typical)

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27
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how many thoracic verterbrae are there?

12

28
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diagram of thoracic vertebrae

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29
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where does pectoralis major attach to the body?

clavicular head from medial half of clavicle.

sternocostal head from sternum and upper 6 costal cartilages.

All fibres converge on intratubular groove of humerus.

30
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what are the actions of pectoralis major?

flexes, adducts and rotates humerus medially (extend humerus).

Pectoral girdle is fixed = accessory muscle of respiration.

31
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what are the nerves that supply pectoralis major

medial and lateral pectoral nerves.

C5-8 T1.

32
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where does pectoralis minor attach?

coracoid process of scapular.

Ribs 3-5 near their cartilages.

33
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what actions is pectoralis minor associated with?

Depression of the scapular and protractor of the scapular.

If pectoral girdle is fixed = accessory to respiration.

34
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what is the nerve supply for pectoralis minor?

medial pectoral nerve (mainly C8, T1)

35
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where does the base of the breast extend from?

ribs 2-6 and the lateral margin of the sternum to the midaxillary line.

36
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where does the auxiliary tail run in the breast?

superiorly and laterally towards the axilla

37
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what is the breast?

a modified sebaceous gland

38
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how many lobes does the breast have?

15-20 lobes

39
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what do the lobes do in the breast?

send lactiferous ducts to the nipple

40
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what do the lobes in the breast comprise of?

glands and adipose tissue separated by fibrous septa (suspensory ligaments)

41
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how is the breast separated from the deeper pectoral muscle?

retromammary space

42
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diagram of the breast

Don't need to know details, just good to be aware of the complexity

<p>Don't need to know details, just good to be aware of the complexity</p>
43
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diagram of lymphatic draining in the breast

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44
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what is the mediastinum?

central part of the thoracic cavity that lies between the pleural cavities.

45
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boundaries in the mediastinum?

anteriorly - sternum

posteriorly - thoracic vertebral column

superiorly - thoracic inlet and root of the neck

inferiorly - diaphragm

<p>anteriorly - sternum</p><p>posteriorly - thoracic vertebral column</p><p>superiorly - thoracic inlet and root of the neck</p><p>inferiorly - diaphragm</p>
46
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what parts is the mediastinum divided into?

superior and inferior

47
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how is the mediastinum divided into two parts?

by the plane of the sternal angle (manubrial join to T4/5 disc)

48
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where is the superior mediastinum?

lies behind the manubrium sterni

49
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where does the inferior mediastinum lie?

behind the body and xiphoid process of the sternum (between the plane of the sternal angle and the diaphragm)

50
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contents of the superior mediastinum?

SVC, arch of aorta, thoracic duct, trachea, esophagus, thymus, left recurrent laryngeal nerve

51
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what sections is the inferior mediastinum divided into?

anterior, middle and posterior regions

<p>anterior, middle and posterior regions</p>
52
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what is in the inferior anterior mediastinum?

internal thoracic aa and vv, thymus, sternopericardial ligaments.

53
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what is in the inferior middle mediastinum?

heart and pericardium, phrenic nn and pericardiophrenic aa and vv, IVC.

54
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what is in the inferior posterior mediastinum?

descending aorta, azygous vv, oesophagus, thoracic duct, sympathetic trunks.