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Transcultural Nursing

The study of the lifeways and patterns of persons from various cultures including their healthcare practices and nursing's role in that culture.

Cross Cultural Nursing

The study of lifeways and patterns of persons from various cultures from an anthropological perspective applied to nursing.

International Nursing

The exchange of nurses between two or more nations or cultures.

Culture

The patterns and lifeways that guide a group of people's worldview and decision-making.

Cultural Imposition

A situation where one culture forces its values and beliefs on another culture or subculture.

Acculturation

The process of adapting or modifying the patterns and lifeways of an adopted culture because of contact with another group or individual.

Assimilation

The process of accepting some cultural practices or traits of the dominant culture into one's daily activities.

Refugee

A person who flees from persecution, invasion, or political danger.

Values

Something regarded as desirable, worthy, or right; a belief, standard, or moral principle.

Beliefs

A tenet, doctrine, or creed that a person accepts as true.

Ethnocentrism

The belief that one's own ways of thinking, acting, and believing are the only correct and natural ways.

Generalization

An oversimplification made about the behaviors of an individual or a large group.

Stereotyping

Assigning characteristics or qualities to a person based on the group they belong to.

Cultural Competence in Nursing

The ability of nurses to provide care that respects and adapts to the cultural beliefs, values, and practices of clients.

Awareness of Self

Understanding one's own existence, thoughts, beliefs, and environment without allowing personal views to negatively affect others.

Cultural Knowledge

Understanding and learning about the client's culture.

Cultural Respect

Accepting and respecting differences among cultures.

Culturally Congruent Care

Care that is consistent with the client's cultural beliefs, values, and practices.

Unconscious Incompetence

Not knowing that one lacks knowledge about another culture.

Conscious Incompetence

Being aware that one lacks knowledge about another culture.

Conscious Competence

Learning about the client's culture, verifying assumptions, and providing culturally specific interventions.

Unconscious Competence

Automatically providing culturally congruent care to clients from diverse cultures.

Transcultural Nursing

The study of the lifeways and patterns of persons from various cultures including their healthcare practices and nursing's role in that culture.

Cross Cultural Nursing

The study of lifeways and patterns of persons from various cultures from an anthropological perspective applied to nursing.

International Nursing

The exchange of nurses between two or more nations or cultures.

Culture

The patterns and lifeways that guide a group of people's worldview and decision-making.

Cultural Imposition

A situation where one culture forces its values and beliefs on another culture or subculture.

Acculturation

The process of adapting or modifying the patterns and lifeways of an adopted culture because of contact with another group or individual.

Assimilation

The process of accepting some cultural practices or traits of the dominant culture into one's daily activities.

Refugee

A person who flees from persecution, invasion, or political danger.

Values

Something regarded as desirable, worthy, or right; a belief, standard, or moral principle.

Beliefs

A tenet, doctrine, or creed that a person accepts as true.

Ethnocentrism

The belief that one's own ways of thinking, acting, and believing are the only correct and natural ways.

Generalization

An oversimplification made about the behaviors of an individual or a large group.

Stereotyping

Assigning characteristics or qualities to a person based on the group they belong to.

Cultural Competence in Nursing

The ability of nurses to provide care that respects and adapts to the cultural beliefs, values, and practices of clients.

Awareness of Self

Understanding one's own existence, thoughts, beliefs, and environment without allowing personal views to negatively affect others.

Cultural Knowledge

Understanding and learning about the client's culture.

Cultural Respect

Accepting and respecting differences among cultures.

Culturally Congruent Care

Care that is consistent with the client's cultural beliefs, values, and practices.

Unconscious Incompetence

Not knowing that one lacks knowledge about another culture.

Conscious Incompetence

Being aware that one lacks knowledge about another culture.

Conscious Competence

Learning about the client's culture, verifying assumptions, and providing culturally specific interventions.

Unconscious Competence

Automatically providing culturally congruent care to clients from diverse cultures.

Knowledge of Cultures

Nurses should understand the perspectives, traditions, values, practices, family systems, and factors affecting the health and well-being of culturally diverse individuals, families, communities, and populations.

Education and Training in Culturally Competent Care

Nurses should be prepared through education and training to provide culturally congruent healthcare.

Critical Reflection

Nurses examine their own values, beliefs, and cultural heritage to understand how these may affect culturally congruent nursing care.

Cross-Cultural Communication

Nurses use culturally competent verbal and nonverbal communication skills to identify client values, beliefs, practices, perceptions, and healthcare needs.

Culturally Competent Practice

Nurses apply cross-cultural knowledge and culturally sensitive skills in providing culturally congruent nursing care.

Cultural Competence in Health Care Systems and Organizations

Healthcare organizations provide resources and structures needed to meet the cultural and language needs of diverse clients.

Patient Advocacy and Empowerment

Nurses recognize the effects of healthcare policies and systems and advocate for patients while respecting their cultural beliefs and practices.

Multicultural Workforce

Nurses promote diversity in healthcare settings through recruitment and retention of a multicultural workforce.

Cross-Cultural Leadership

Nurses influence individuals, groups, and systems to achieve culturally competent care for diverse populations.

Evidence-Based Practice and Research

Nurses use interventions that have been tested and proven effective for culturally diverse populations.

10 Guidelines for the Practice of Culturally Competent Nursing Care

1. Knowledge of Cultures 2. Education and Training in Culturally Competent Care 3. Critical Reflection 4. Cross-Cultural Communication 5. Culturally Competent Practice 6. Cultural Competence in Health Care Systems and Organizations 7. Patient Advocacy and Empowerment 8. Multicultural Workforce 9. Cross-Cultural Leadership 10. Evidence-Based Practice and Research

Madeleine Leininger

The founder of Transcultural Nursing. She believed nurses should be sensitive to the unique needs of people from different cultures and should not impose their own views on others.

Sunrise Model

A model developed by Madeleine Leininger as a basis for assessment and research in Transcultural Nursing Theory.

Ethnonursing Method

A method developed by Madeleine Leininger for conducting transcultural research.

Worldview

Everything that makes people who they are and influences their cultural beliefs and practices.

7 Cultural and Social Structure Dimensions

The major areas nurses need to learn about through interviews and interaction with people from different cultures.

Generic or Folk Systems

The everyday remedies used by individuals, families, or groups to promote wellness and healing.

Examples of Generic or Folk Systems

Chicken soup, chamomile tea, herbal teas, voodoo, sacrifices, prayer, and curandero.

Professional Systems

Healthcare systems influenced by the culture's healthcare delivery system, including socialized medicine, private insurance, communal healthcare, and economic resources.

Cultural Care Preservation/Maintenance

The process of preserving and maintaining cultural practices while providing safe and holistic care.

Cultural Care Accommodation/Negotiation

The process of accommodating and negotiating with patients to provide culturally congruent care.

Cultural Care Repatterning/Restructuring

The process of helping patients and families modify lifeways to promote healing and wellness while considering cultural influences.

3 Approaches to Provide Culturally Congruent Care

1. Cultural Care Preservation/Maintenance 2. Cultural Care Accommodation/Negotiation 3. Cultural Care Repatterning/Restructuring

Josepha Campinha-Bacote

Developed the Culturally Competent Model of Care in 1991.

Culturally Competent Model of Care

A transcultural theory that emphasizes cultural awareness, knowledge, skill, and desire through cultural encounters.

Campinha-Bacote 2010 Model

Emphasized the importance of cultural encounters to increase cultural awareness, knowledge, skill, and desire.

Geiger and Davidhizer Model

A Transcultural Assessment Model developed and researched in 1990.

Joyce Newman Geiger and Ruth Davidhizer

Developers of the Transcultural Assessment Model.