HE L5 : Theories in Health Education

REVIEWER

Pender’s Health Promotion Theory

I committed myself to the proactive stance of health promotion and disease prevention with the conviction that it is much better to experience exuberant well being and prevent disease than let disease happen when it is avoidable and then try and cope with it

Pender’s Health Promotion Theory

Health promotion and disease prevention should be the primary focus in health care. When health promotion and prevention fail to prevent problems, then care in illness becomes the next priority

Pender’s Health Promotion Theory

Emphasizes actualizing health potential and increasing the level of well being using health promoting behaviors rather than avoidance of disease behaviors

Health Promotion

is defined as a behavior motivated by the desire to increase well being and actualize human health potential. It is an approach to health

Health protection or illness prevention

is described as behavior motivated desire
to actively avoid illness,
detect it early, or maintain functioning
within the constraints of illness

Personal Factors

Prior behavior and acquired characteristics INFLUENCE beliefs and enactment of health promoting behavior

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The person’s make up Ability

Perceptions

Drive or constrain commitment to enactment of health promoting behavior

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Ability or inability

Plan of Action

A commitment to an action and planned strategy that leads to implementing health behavior

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The endpoint directed toward attaining a positive health outcome such as optimal well being , personal fulfillment , and productive living

Nursing Practice

We are moving toward an era of science based practice in nursing that incorporates the latest findings from the behavioral and biological sciences into practice to assist people of varying cultural backgrounds to adopt healthy lifestyles Pender “Prevention is better than cure”

Nursing Practice

Nurses may consult clients to promote well being explaining the patient’s risk factors

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Nurses plan for behavior modification to assist patients in health improvement

Nursing Practice

Nurses may help prevent unhealthy behaviors

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The model can be used to prevent diseases and health related infections or injuries

Community Health Care setting

is the best avenue in promoting health and preventing illnesses

Community Health Care setting

Using Pender’s Health Promotion Model, community program can focus on activities that improve the well being of the people

Community Health Care setting

Children are taught in the family the value of eating a balanced diet and the disadvantages of vices such as smoking and drinking alcoholic beverages

G eneral Impact of Health Promotion Theory

The Precede Proceed Model

Active participation of the community will take a huge part in defining their own problems, establishing their goals and developing their solutions.

The Precede Proceed Model

It is a cost benefit evaluation framework that can help health program planners, policy makers and other evaluators analyze situations and design health programs efficiently

Lawrence Green

The Precede Proceed Model

The Precede Proceed Model

PRECEDE

PROCEED

PRECEDE

PROCEED

Health Belief Model

A psychological model that attempts to explain and predict health behaviors by focusing on the attitudes and beliefs of individuals

Health Belief Model

This was developed in response to failure of free TB health screening program

Godfrey Hochbaum

Health Belief Model

Beliefs & Conditions

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Health Belief Model Concepts

Perceived Susceptibility

Perceived Susceptibility

Perceived Severity

Perceived Benefits

Perceived Barriers

Cues to Action

Self efficacy

Health Belief Model

The health belief model works on the foundational proposition that people are generally not motivated to change until they believe ( they are susceptible and have sufficient self efficacy (MOTIVATION) to carry out changes ( ACTION)

Godfrey Hochbaum

Irwin Rosen stock

Health Belief Model

Bandura’s Self efficacy Theory

Confidence is a nondescript term that refers to strength of belief but does not necessarily specify what the certainty is about… Perceived self efficacy refers to belief in one’s agentive capabilities, that one can produce given levels of attainment

Infancy

Their actions can influence their physical & social environment

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by observing others around them, infants have models of what effects can be produced by particular sets of actions

Family Relations

Parents can create the development of their infant’s self efficacy by being

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Responsive to communicative behavior

Providing an enriched physical environment

Freedom for exploration

Varied mastery experiences

Peer Relations

Self efficacy is developed in relationships with peers

School

acquire the knowledge & problem solving skills essential for participating effectively in society and for continued self development

Adolescence

the success with which the risks & challenges of adolescence are managed, depends on the strength of personal efficacy built through prior mastery experiences

Adulthood

Self efficacy is contained in roles concerned with partnerships, marriage, management of finances

Advancing Age

key threats to self efficacy: loss of memory and losing healthy physical functioning

Bandura’s Self efficacy Theory

Self efficacy is cognitively appraised and processed through

(1) accomplishments,

(2) experiences,

(3) persuasions,

(4) and emotional arousal

Determinants of Expected Outcomes

Self efficacy in Nursing and Health Care

efficacy has proven to be useful in predicting course of health behavior

Self efficacy in Nursing and Health Care

The use of self efficacy theory for the nurse as educator is relevant to developing educational program

Self efficacy in Nursing and Health Care

The behavior specific predictions of the theory can be used for understanding the likelihood of individuals to participate in existing educational health programs

Self efficacy in Nursing and Health Care

Educational strategies such as modeling, demonstration, and verbal reinforcement parallel modes of self efficacy induction

Benefits of Patients with Self efficacy

Cancer patients with high self efficacy have higher intentions to quit smoking, participate in screening programs more frequently, and adjust to their diagnosis better than those with low self efficacy (Lev,1997)

They are more likely to adhere to treatment, take care of themselves, and experience fewer and less severe physical and psychological symptoms (Lev, 1997)