The New Global World, 1450-1620; The Invasion and Settlement of North America, 1550-1700; Creating a British Empire in America, 1660-1750 (Vocabulary Flashcards)

Vocabulary flashcards covering key terms, people, places, and concepts from The New Global World, The Invasion and Settlement of North America, and Creating a British Empire in America. Each card presents a term and a concise definition drawn from lecture notes.

Beringia

Ice-age land bridge connecting Siberia and Alaska.

Maize

Domesticated corn, a key crop in the Americas.

Maya

Advanced Mesoamerican civilization in Yucatán and Guatemala.

Aztecs

Powerful empire in central Mexico with sacrifices.

Incas

Empire in Peru known for roads and centralized rule.

Tiwanaku

Early Andean civilization influencing later cultures.

Teotihuacán

Major ancient city in Mexico with large pyramids.

Tenochtitlán

Aztec capital on Lake Texcoco, symbolizing power.

Tiwanaku motif

Motif used by Tiwanaku, later used by Incas for authority.

Cahokia

Large Mississippian urban center near St. Louis.

Hopewell

Eastern North American culture with mound-building.

Pueblo

Cultures in Southwestern North America known for pueblos.

Hohokam

Puebloan culture in the Southwest known for irrigation.

Anasazi

Ancient Pueblo people known for cliff dwellings.

Mississippian

Mound-building culture centered on maize agriculture.

Atlatl

Spear-thrower used by Native Americans.

Iroquois Confederacy

Alliance of five Native American nations in the Northeast.

Matrilineal kinship

Kinship traced through the mother’s line.

Columbian Exchange

Transfer of plants, animals, and diseases after 1492.

Smallpox

Disease from Europe that killed many Native Americans.

Mestizos

People of mixed Indigenous and Spanish ancestry.

Encomienda

Spanish grant of land and Native labor control.

Malinali (La Malinche)

Aztec translator who helped Cortés.

Cortés (Hernán)**

Spanish conquistador who conquered the Aztecs.

Moctezuma

Aztec emperor during Cortés’s conquest.

Pizarro

Spanish conquistador who conquered the Inca Empire.

Virgin of Guadalupe

Marian apparition linking Catholicism and maize.

Henry the Navigator

Portuguese prince who promoted Atlantic exploration.

Caravel

Small, maneuverable ship for Atlantic voyages.

Zheng He

Ming Dynasty explorer who expanded Chinese influence.

Ming Voyages

Chinese maritime expeditions led by Zheng He.

Mercantilism

Economic theory emphasizing wealth accumulation through trade.

Navigation Acts

English laws restricting colonial trade.

Dominion of New England

Consolidation of north-eastern colonies under royal control.

Glorious Revolution

Overthrow of James II, establishing parliamentary rule.

Salutary neglect

British policy of not enforcing colonial regulations.

South Atlantic System

Plantation economy based on enslaved African labor.

Slavery in the Chesapeake

Expansion of slavery in Virginia and Maryland.

Stono Rebellion

Slave uprising in South Carolina in 1739.

Bacon’s Rebellion

Uprising in Virginia led by Nathaniel Bacon in 1676.

Puritans

English Protestants who founded colonies in New England.

Mayflower Compact

Agreement establishing self-government in Plymouth.

Roger Williams

Puritan minister who founded Rhode Island.

Anne Hutchinson

Puritan dissenter banished for challenging authority.

Puritan Migration

Puritans moving to New England for religious freedom.

City upon a Hill

Massachusetts Bay as a model Christian society.