IB History Semester 1

Sunni Muslims

Believe in the Quran 85% population

Shia Muslims

Believe in leaders (Imams and Scholars) 15% population

12th Imam

Mahdi Shiites believe “waited one” will reappear

Majlis

Elected Parliament

Supreme Leader

Most powerful leadership position (Like president)

Qajar Dynasty

Persian, failed to modernize in 1800s, allowed western influence, opposed by bazaaris and ulama

Algiers Agreement (1975)

Iran stops supporting kurds, Iraq drops kuzestan, Irab gets Shat al-Arab Waterway

Shatt al-Arab Waterway

Connects to gulf (also territorial reason for revolt)

Kuhzestan

Oil in Iran (territorial reason for revolt)

Kurdish Independence

Civil war against Iranian gov’t

Saddam Hussein

leader of Iraq

human wave assaults

tactic used to overwhelm artilleries on opposing military lines

Iran Iraq war effects

US support of Iraq, Iran gets victory, bad economically and socially both unstable but Iraq more unstable

Khedival Dynasty

founded by Muhammad ali pasha, Ismail pasha

Muhammad Ali Pasha

Albanian general sent by ottomans to control Egypt

Reasons Britain wanted influence in Egypt

Cotton and Suez Canal

Lord Cromer

British, sent to help Egypt pay off debts

Dinshaway Incident

British soldiers kill pigeons

British troops in Egypt during WW1

took over

Wafd

Saad Zaghlul

Saad Zhaglul

Led Egyptian INDEPENDENCE MOVEMENT, exiled, back to paris peace conference

1919 Egyptian Revolution

led by Zhaglul

1922 Egyptian Constitution

more freedoms, not quite a democracy

Muslim brotherhood

1928 banned in some muslim countries because it was seen as violent

Feb 4th

King farouk appoints pro-Brit govt to avoid stepping down

Haganah

Israeli defense force

Irgun

more militant (split off from IDF)

STern Gang

Terrorist (also split from I(DF)

PLan D

protection of Jewish state (more offensive)

Sevres protocol

Britain france israel secret agreement (Operation musketeer is part of this)

Levi Eshkol

prime minister of israel