Memrizz Lab 12: Sacrum - Palpation, Landmarks & Diagnosis

Flashcards created for reviewing key concepts and terms related to the anatomy and diagnosis of the sacrum, as discussed in the Memrizz Lab 12 lecture.

What is the significance of L5 Diagnosis?

It assesses lumbar-sacral interactions.

What position should a patient be in for the Seated Flexion Test?

Seated with feet flat and knees shoulder-width apart.

Which anatomical landmark is palpated during the Seated Flexion Test?

Posterior Superior Iliac Spine (PSIS).

In the Seated Flexion Test, which PSIS movement indicates dysfunction?

The PSIS that moves furthest from the midline.

What is the purpose of the Sphinx Test?

To assess sacral motion and dysfunction.

What is the patient position for Sacral Sulci Depth Assessment?

Prone on the examination table.

What does the physician observe during the Sacral Sulci Depth Assessment?

Which sulcus is deeper.

What type of assessment is done for vertical evaluation?

Left Side and Right Side evaluations.

What do the Inferior Lateral Angles (ILAs) assess?

Left and right oblique positions.

What is the patient positioning for the Spring Test?

Prone position.

What technique does the physician use in the Spring Test?

Apply moderate anterior pressure.

A negative Spring Test result indicates what condition?

Flexion dysfunction or normal mechanics.

What does a positive Spring Test indicate?

Extension dysfunction of the sacrum.

What is a characteristic of torsions?

Rotate about an oblique axis.

Which torsion type is considered physiologic?

Forward Torsion (LOL or ROR).

What is a feature of bilateral flexion dysfunction?

Sacral base is anterior.

Identify a non-physiologic condition related to bilateral extension.

Sacral base is posterior.

What is a characteristic of left unilateral flexion?

Non-Physiologic condition.

What does right unilateral extension indicate?

Non-Physiologic condition.

What is the primary purpose of sacral diagnosis?

To rule out innominate and pubic somatic dysfunctions.

What is the first step in the sacral diagnosis process?

Diagnosis of L5.

What does the L5 assessment evaluate?

L5 rotation, sidebending, and flexion/extension.

What is the purpose of the Seated Flexion Test (SFT)?

To identify laterality of the problem.

In the static landmarks evaluation, what should you assess about the sacrum?

The direction the sacrum is facing.

What does a deep sacral sulcus indicate?

A specific alteration in sacral position.

During evaluation, how should you check the Inferior Lateral Angles (ILAs)?

Check if they are posterior or inferior.

Why is the sacrotuberous ligament assessment important?

To note if it is tight on the posterior ILA.

What is the purpose of special tests in sacral diagnosis?

To determine if the sacrum is forward or backward bent.

What does the spring test evaluate?

Sacral motion at the lumbosacral junction.

What motion does the Sphinx (Backward Bending) test assess?

Sacral motion.

What axis is involved in sacral torsions?

Oblique axis.

Which axis is associated with sacral flexion/extension?

Middle transverse axis.

What indicates bilateral sacral flexion?

Deep sulci bilaterally and shallow ILAs bilaterally.

What is the mid-transverse axis (MTA) related to?

Sacrum flexion during bilateral sacral flexion.

What can false negatives in Bilateral Seated Flexion Test suggest?

Potential resistance to movement at the ILA.

What does a deep sulcus indicate?

Potential dysfunction or asymmetry in sacral motion.

What does a shallow sulcus suggest?

Less pronounced dysfunction compared to deep sulci.

What is assessed by the Spring Test?

Sacrum's ability to move; resistance indicates dysfunction.

What does a positive Sphinx Test indicate?

A restriction in sacral movement.

What are positive findings in left unilateral flexion?

Identified on the left side.

What is indicated by unilateral extension?

Specific directional dysfunctions noted left or right.

Why is it important to assess bilateral flexion and extension?

To evaluate symmetry and dysfunction.

How are diagnostic patterns established in sacral diagnosis?

Understanding deep/shallow sulci and ILA positioning.

What is the definition of backward sacral torsion dysfunction?

Sacrum rotated backward around its axis.

What is the purpose of the seated flexion test?

To determine the direction of sacral torsion.

In the seated flexion test, which direction is it performed?

Opposite to the axis direction.

What does the spring test assess?

Mobility of the sacrum.

What indicates that the sacrum is 'stuck backward'?

Results from the spring test.

What does a deep sulcus indicate in sacral assessment?

The side of sacral dysfunction.

What does a shallow sulcus correspond to?

The side of the seated flexion test.

If seated flexion test shows left, what is the deep sulcus?

Right side.

What diagnosis corresponds to left oblique axis findings?

Left Facing Sacrum on Right Axis.

In the right oblique axis, what does the shallow sulcus indicate?

The right side.

What is the orientation of the sacrum in right oblique axis?

Faces right.

What position is the patient in for ILA height assessment?

Prone position.

Where does the physician place their dominant hand during the assessment?

Over the midline of the patient.

What technique does the physician use to palpate the sacrum?

Using the heel of their hand.

Which area do physicians palpate lateral to the thenar eminence?

ILA (Iliac Lateral Aspect).

What should be noted about the sacrotuberous ligament during ILA assessment?

Which is hypertonic.

What position is the patient in for the Backward Bending (Sphinx) Test?

Prone position.

How are the sacral sulci palpated in the Sphinx Test?

Using the physician's thumbs.

What does the patient do during the Backward Bending Test?

Props themselves up on their elbows.

What expected movement occurs at the sacral base during lumbar spine extension?

Moves anteriorly.

What indicates a negative Sphinx Test?

Improvement of forward torsions.

What does a positive Sphinx Test signify?

Worsening of backward torsions.

What characterizes Unilateral Sacral Flexion Dysfunction?

Unilateral flexion of the sacrum.

How is Unilateral Sacral Flexion Dysfunction identified?

By the side of positive Seated Flexion Test.

In Unilateral Sacral Flexion Dysfunction, where are the Deep Sulcus and ILA located?

On the same side.

What are the results of the Spring and Sphinx tests in Unilateral Sacral Flexion?

Both tests are negative.

What axis does Unilateral Sacral Flexion Dysfunction occur around?

Middle Transverse Axis.

What indicates Left Unilateral Flexion (LUF)?

Positive Seated FT on the left.

What is a key feature of Right Unilateral Flexion (RUF)?

Right Deep Sacral Sulcus.

What distinguishes Unilateral Sacral Extension Dysfunction?

Unilateral extension of the sacrum.

How is Unilateral Sacral Extension Dysfunction identified?

By the side of positive Seated FT.

In Unilateral Sacral Extension Dysfunction, where are the Deep Sulcus and ILA located?

On the same side.

What are the results of the Spring and Sphinx tests in Unilateral Sacral Extension?

Both tests are positive.

What axis does Unilateral Sacral Extension Dysfunction occur around?

Middle Transverse Axis.

What indicates Left Unilateral Extension (LUE)?

Positive Seated FT on the left.

What is a key feature of Right Unilateral Extension (RUE)?

Right Shallow Sacral Sulcus.

What is an example of unilateral flexion in sacral motion?

Left Unilateral Flexion.

What type of torsion is characterized as Left on Right?

Left on Right Torsion.

Which sacral motion type involves shear?

Shear.

What does a Seated Flexion Test result of L+ indicate?

Positive result on the Left side.

What does a deep sulcus assessment indicate?

Left or Right variations.

What does the ILA assessment focus on?

Inferior Lateral Angle positioning.

What result indicates a positive response in the Sphinx/Spring Test?

Positive (+).

What does L5 N/A mean in assessments?

Not applicable for some tests.

An assertion of F SRright indicates what?

Flexion and Sidebending Right.

What does N Sleft Rright imply in L5 diagnosis?

Neutral position on the Left and Right rotation.

What is a sign of bilateral sacral extension?

Shallow sulci observed bilaterally.

What indicates the movement of the sacrum in bilateral extension?

Sacrum flexes around the Middle Transverse Axis.

What will the spring test reveal if the sacrum is extended?

It will resist movement.

In Right on Right forward torsion dysfunction, what does the seated flexion test indicate?

Opposite the axis direction.

What does a negative spring and sphinx test indicate?

The sacrum is stuck forward.

What assessment shows a deep sulcus on the side of the seated flexion test?

Sulcus Assessment.

What would a left seated flexion test indicate in Right on Right dysfunction?

Right oblique axis.

In Left on Left forward torsion dysfunction, what does the sulcus assessment show?

Deep sulcus on the right side.

What is the outcome of a seated flexion test when diagnosing Right Facing Sacrum?

Deep sulcus on the left, shallow on the right.