Latin American Final

Neocolonialism

is when a powerful country controls or heavily influences a weaker country, not through direct political rule (like in old colonialism), but through economic, political, or cultural pressure.

Great Export Boom (1870-1930)

was a time when countries in Latin America grew their economies really fast by exporting a lot of natural resources and agricultural products (like coffee, sugar, rubber, silver, and beef) to Europe and the United States

Cientificos

were a group of advisors in Mexico that believed science, rational thinking, and European ideas were the best way to modernize and improve Mexico.

Downes v. Bidwell

U.S supreme court case that determined puerto rico belongs to but not a part of the U.S

Filibuster

mercenaries capturing territories for political and economic gains

Import Substitution Industrialization (ISI)

national economic programs where raw materials and massed produced goods are manufactured and sold within a country.

Adelitas

women soldiers during the mexican revolution

Gag law

law to prohibit the owner ship and/or display of puerto rican flag on the island

Fulgencio Batista

was a Cuban military leader and politician who ruled Cuba twice — first as a democratically elected president and later as a dictator after taking power in a military coup

Comparative Advantages

economic theory advocating developing countries exclusively produced raw materials and consumer goods.

Estado Novo

Vargas’s dictator to capture power with strong emphasis on nationalism (started as social reformer)

Bogotazo

Two-day riot in Bogota triggered with the murder of Jorge Eliecer Gaitan.

spiritual socialism

Right to organize, Increased wage, and Educational and social reforms

Bay of Pigs

Failed efforts of Cuban expats, with CIA support, to overthrow Castro's Cuban Revolution.

National Security Doctrine

Latin American countries quelled Marxist movements internally, while United States focused on global efforts.

Liberation Theology

church officials defended the Latin American indigenous poor during the wars.

Popular Unity

voting bloc to secure presidency for Salvador Allende in 1970.

Eugenics

19TH & 20TH century popular notion suggesting societies benefitted from selective breeding.

Cosmic Race

Jose Vasconcelos's theory of a synthesized race born in Latin America.

Maroon societies

settlements of escaped and/or freed Black slaves, resisting European colonization.

Walmart Effect

The access of consumer goods to middle-class residents in developing countries. Outcompeting local industries

Washington Consensus

U.S. economists and global financial institutions forced Latin American countries to adopt neoliberal policies.

Maquiladora

Factory in Mexico producing goods and services for multinational corporations

Favelas

Makeshift homes in Brazil's urban centers; occupied by severely-poor, landless residents

Extractive Economies

Industries generated around extractions of raw materials and agriculture, mostly for exports.

Emigration

The process of migrants leaving their community of origins.

Migration

The mobility of people and/or species across geographical space over time.

Participatory democracy

encouragement of resident to part takes in democratic process at local and national levels

Promesa Bil

economic restructuring managed by the united states government due to financial debt crisis on the island

Transnational Motherhood

Mothers living and working in a developed country while their children remain in their homeland.

Neoliberalism

is an economic and political idea that says the government should be small and stay out of the economy as much as possible. Instead, private businesses and free markets should lead growth and solve problems.