Home Front WW1 Vocab

7.6 APUSH

Selective Service Act

A law that allowed the US government to draft men into service for WW1, ages 21-30

War Industries Board

A federal agency that coordinated the US economy during the war (supplied troops, material production, rationing, pricing), Bernard Baruch was the chairman

Bernard Baruch

Chairman of the War Industries Board

Food Administration

a government agency that managed the production, distribution, and conservation of food during the war (led by Herbert Hoover)

Herbert Hoover

Leader of the Food Administration

Fuel Admin

A government agency that managed the production, distribution, and consumption of coal and oil to preserve resoucres for the war, led by Harry Garfield/Woodrow Wilson

Railroad Admin

USRA (US Railroad Administration), the government’s body that took control of the nation’s railroads, nationlizing them to manage the increased transportation demands of the war

National War Labor Board

a US gov’t agency that settled labor disputes during WW1 - enforcing the National Labor Relations Act by investigating wrongdoings by workers, unions, or employers, conducting elections, and deciding/resolving cases

Liberty Bonds

loans sold by the US government to fund war efforts

Commision on Public Info (CPI)

A gov’t agency that used propaganda to influence public opinion on WW1 (promote war, control news, ease public frustration), chairman is George Creel

George Creel

Chairman of the Commision on Public Info

Anti-German sentiment

fueled by xenophobia and patriotism —> discrimination, hate crimes, propaganda, violence, German-Americans try to assimilate to avoid it

Espionage Act of 1917

A law that made criticizing US and supporting foreign countries illegal.

Sedition Act of 1918

A law that made sharing info and saying bad things about the government illegal.

Schneck v. US - 1919

Supreme Court case that established the “clear and present danger” test for when the government can limit free speech, ruled that the Espionage Act did not violate the 1st Amendment

Eugene V. Debs

American socialist, activist, unionist, major role in the Pullman strike and ran for president in 1904, 1908, 1912, and 1920

Great Migration

Starting 1910, a period of mass migration of African Americans from the rural South to urban areas in the North/Midwest/West because of poor economic conditions in tihie South, secregation/dscrimination/violence, plus promise of work in the north

Women’s Land Army

A group of women who worked on farms during the war, producing food for armies

The Great White Fleet

A fleet of 16 battleship fleets that went around showing off US naval power

Treaty of Portsmouth

Ended the Russo-Japanese war

Panama Canal

Roosevelt encouraged the Panamanian revolution as to gain control of the Panama canal, example of Big Stick Diplomacy

Nicaragua Intervention

The US wanted to preserve the economic stability of Central America (Dollar Diplomacy) by opening trade routes, so they invaded and helped overthrow the government

Honduran Intervention

Economic force rather than military force, US controls Honduran debts to enforce the Monroe Doctrine (instability provides an opportunity for control)

Intervention in Mexico

Wilson refused to acknowledge the new government of this country because they were dictators, so he took over through Vera Cruz to spread democracy by giving the rebellion weapons.

Jones Act

Gave US citizenship to Puerto Ricans

Wilson’s Neutrality

Wilson issues neutrality assuming the war will be quick and doesn’t want immigrants to argue over the war & tear apart society

Preparedness Movement

A campaign to increase the US’s military strength before they joined WW1

Luisitania

a US luxury ship that was sunk by a German submarine

Unrestricted Sub Warfare

a naval tactic used by Germany to suddenly sink merchant ships & civilians

Zimmerman Telegram

Germany offered Mexico the return of their US states (AZ, NM, TX) in return for them supporting the German causeS

Sussex Pledge 1916

The torpedo and sinking of a French passenger ship led to an agreement for the Germans to stop indiscriminate sinking of nonmilitary ships

Declaration of War 1917

After germany continues sinking US ships, Wilson asks Congress to draft a declaration of war

American Expeditionary Forces (AEF)

the military. unit that fought in WW1

Armistice

A truce that punished Germany by dissolving their military and leaving them in lots of debt

Treaty of Brest-Litovsk 1918

A treaty between the central powers and russia ending russian involvement in WW1

Paris Peace Congerence

A series of meetings in 1919 and 1920 that established the terms of peace after WW1, held in Versailles, France

Treaty of Versailles

The treaty that ended WW1 - Germany loses all colonies & some prewar territories, lots of money paid, demilitarization, etc. However, it failed to resolve the underlying issues, fueled German nationalism and resentment (contributed to rise of Hitler/Nazis, WW2)

League of Nations

the first worldwide peace organization made up of other countries focused on maintaining world peace - US didn’t join because they feared it would limit the US’s ability to protect itself