APES: 12,25,10

The term demographic transition refers to

the decline in death rates followed by decline in birth rates when a country becomes industrialized

Which of the following statements about human migration is false?

Migration from urban areas to rural areas is increasing worldwide.

Experience indicates that population growth can be slowed by

a combination of all of these answers

Population age structure diagrams can be divided into all of the following categories except

infant.

Government attempts to reduce population growth have included all of the following except

providing needed health care and food allotments to those who have more than a certain number of children.

Which of the following implies the greatest built-in momentum for population growth?

a large number of people under age 15

The most useful measure of fertility for projecting future population change is the

total fertility rate.

During demographic transitions, birth rates of a population are high during the

preindustrial and transitional stages.

The crude birth rate is the number of live births per \_____ persons in a given year

1,000

Which of the following would decrease the likelihood of a couple having a child?

Women have many opportunities to participate in the work force.

Clay has \____ permeability and \____ porosity.

low; high

Tectonic plates move in opposite but parallel directions along a fault at a(n)

transform fault.

During acid deposition and infiltration, the replacement of some ions attached to mineral particles by hydrogen ions can result in

decreased soil fertility.

Which of the following types of soils has the least pore space?

sand

Which of the following statements about Earth's mantle is false?

The outermost part of the mantle is partially melted rock.

Leaching occurs when

water removes soluble soil components.

Secondary effects from earthquakes include all of the following except

damaged coastal areas.

Which of the following is not one of the three major types of organic fertilizer?

sewage sludge

In alley cropping,

crops are planted between hedgerows of trees or shrubs that are used for fruits or fuelwood.

Soil texture most directly determines

porosity.

The type of rock that covers most of Earth's land surface is

sedimentary.

Topsoil contains all of the following except

freshly fallen leaves.

Which of the following practices leads to desertification?

all of these answers

Red and yellow colors in a soil horizon usually indicate a

low organic matter content.

The greatest source of water pollution is

sediment from erosion.

The asthenosphere is

a plastic region in the mantle.

Which of the following is not one of the typical patterns of U.S. urban structure?

vertical model with satellite cities spaced around a central core

Which of the following is not an appropriate method of land-use control?

subsidy of farmers who use marginal land that is highly susceptible to erosion

Vegetation improves the quality of life in urban areas by all of the following means except

warming the air.

All of the following harmful effects have been linked to prolonged exposure to excessive noise except

skin cancer.

The U.S. population is

shifting to the south and west.

Which of the following is not an environmental benefit of urbanization?

Cities are self-sustaining.

Compared to highway and air transport, rail systems

are available to people who are too young, old, or disabled to drive or who can't afford to fly.

Ninety percent of the funds used to support government services (schools, roads, police and fire protection, welfare, and so on) come from

property taxes.

The development of U.S. mass transit has been discouraged by

federal gasoline taxes to build highways.

Which of the following statements is false?

Parents tend to have more children in urban than in rural environments.

Urban areas tend to alter climate by all of the following means except

reducing tropospheric ozone.

Infant mortality rate refers to the number of children out of 1,000 that die

by their first birthday

Social factors affecting birth and fertility rates include

all of these answers.

Which of the following rocks is most likely to be formed 21. from compacted shells and skeletons?

limestone

Which of the following practices both reduces erosion and increases soil fertility?

strip cropping

The surface litter horizon is described by the letter

O.

People migrate to cities

all of these answers.

The heat island effect can be counteracted by all of the following means except

using darker paints and building materials.