Anatomy 6511 Nervous System 낱말 카드

Neuron

What term describes the structural and functional unit of the nervous system?

Nerve

What term describes a collection of axons?

True

True or False: Most nerves contain more than one function component.

Supportive cells and a connective tissue sheath

What are nerves accompanied by?

12 pairs

How many pairs of cranial nerves do we have?

31 pairs

How many pairs of spinal nerves do we have?

Nerve plexus

What term describes a combination of nerve fibers from different sources/spinal levels?

Skeletal muscle

What do somatic plexuses innervate?

Organs

What do visceral plexuses innervate?

Brain and spinal cord

Which structures make up the central nervous system (CNS)?

Autonomic and somatic

What makes up the peripheral nervous system?

Sympathetic and parasympathetic

(also the Enteric nervous system)

What are the subdivisions of the autonomic nervous system?

Sensory and Motor

What are the subdivisions of the somatic nervous system?

Autonomic

Which part of the nervous system communicates with internal organs and glands?

Somatic

Which part of the nervous system communicates with sense organs and skeletal muscle?

Outside

Is grey matter oriented inside or outside in the brain?

Inside

Is white matter oriented inside or outside in the brain?

Inside

Is grey matter oriented inside or outside in the spinal cord?

Outside

Is white matter oriented inside or outside in the spinal cord?

Myelinated axons

What part of the neuron is in the white matter?

Cell bodies and dendrites

what parts of the neuron are found in gray matter?

Nucleus

What term describes a collection of neuronal cell bodies in the CNS?

Ganglion

What term describes a collection of neuronal cell bodies in the PNS?

Neural tube

What does the CNS develop from?

Neural crest

What does the PNS develop from?

Somatic

Does the somatic or visceral nervous system receive sensory information from the body wall?

Somatic

Does the somatic or visceral nervous system innervate structures that develop from somites?

Voluntary

Is the somatic nervous system voluntary or involuntary control?

Involuntary

Is the visceral nervous system voluntary or involuntary control?

Visceral

Does the visceral or somatic nervous system innervate non-body wall structures?

Dermatome

The area of the skin supplied by all cutaneous branches of a pair of spinal nerves (right and left).

Myotome

Group of muscles innervated by a single spinal nerve

Sensory information

What type of information is carried by somatic afferent neurons?

Motor information

What type of information is carried by somatic efferent neurons?

Motor axons

What type of axons are found in the anterior/ventral root of the spinal cord?

Sensory axons

What type of axons are found in the posterior/dorsal root of the spinal cord?

Visceral efferent (VE)

What originates in the lateral horn of the spinal cord?

Spinal nerves

What do anterior and posterior roots of the spinal cord come together in the intervertebral foramen to form?

Spinal nerve

Anterior and posterior rami split off from where?

Limb muscles, trunk muscles, skin

What is innervated by the anterior/ventral ramus?

Deep back muscles and skin

What is innervated by the posterior/dorsal ramus?

Autonomic nervous system

The visceral nervous system is also called

Smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands

The visceral efferent functional component of the autonomic nervous system consists of nerves that mainly innervate

viscera/organs (bringing visceral sensation and reflexes back to the CNS)

The visceral afferent functional component of the autonomic nervous system consists of nerves that monitor changes in our

Sympathetic and parasympathetic

What is the autonomic nervous system divided into?

Parasympathetic

Does the sympathetic or parasympathetic nervous system enhance energy storage?

Sympathetic

Does the sympathetic or parasympathetic nervous system move blood from gut to muscles?

Parasympathetic

Does the sympathetic or parasympathetic nervous system increase gut peristalsis?

Parasympathetic

Does the sympathetic or parasympathetic nervous system increase salivation?

Sympathetic

(parasympathetic causes pupillary constriction)

Does the sympathetic or parasympathetic nervous system cause pupillary dilation?

Parasympathetic

Does the sympathetic or parasympathetic nervous system cause bladder contraction?

True

True or False: Both the somatic and autonomic nervous systems have sensory, motor, and reflex neural pathways.

CNS

Are preganglionic neurons located in the CNS or PNS?

PNS

Are postganglionic neurons located in the CNS or PNS?

Near CNS (typically sympathetic chain)

Where are sympathetic ganglia located?

Near/Inside wall of target organ

Where are parasympathetic ganglia located?

Thinly myelinated

Are preganglionic neurons myelinated?

Unmyelinated

Are postganglionic neurons myelinated?

Sympathetic

Are the purple neuron/ganglion sympathetic or parasympathetic? (look at length of axons)

Parasympathetic

Are the green neuron/ganglion sympathetic or parasympathetic? (look at length of axons)

Postsynaptic

(because synapse/ganglion is closer to CNS/further from target organ)

In the sympathetic nervous system, does the pre- or postsynaptic neuron have a longer axon?

Presynaptic

(because synapse/ganglion is closer to the target organ/futher from the CNS)

In the parasympathetic nervous system, does the pre- or postsynaptic neuron have a longer axon?

T1 to L2/L3

Where are sympathetic preganglionic fibers located on the spinal cord?

Brainstem and sacral vertebrae S2-S4

Where are parasympathetic preganglionic fibers located on the spinal cord?

Sympathetic

Does the sympathetic or parasympathetic nervous system travel to prevertebral ganglia and adrenal glands?

Parasympathetic

Does the sympathetic or parasympathetic nervous system travel to thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic viscera.

False, no parasympathetic neurons travel to the limbs

True or False: Parasympathetic neurons travel to limbs.

CN III, VII, IX, and X

Which cranial nerves contain parasympathetic fibers?

Ventral root

Do parasympathetic preganglionic neurons exit the spinal cord at the ventral or dorsal root?

CN X

Which cranial nerve innervates the heart, lungs, airways, stomach, liver, pancreas, and small/large intestines?

Rectum, bladder, genitals, gonads

What structures are innervated by the pelvic splanchnic nerves?

Splanchnic nerves

What type of sympathetic nerves synapse outside of the sympathetic chain ganglia?

Preganglionic, sympathetic

Does the white communicating ramus contain pre- or postganglionic fibers? Sympathetic or parasympathetic?

Postganglionic, sympathetic

Does the gray communicating ramus contain pre- or postganglionic fibers? Sympathetic or parasympathetic?

Enter

Do white communicating rami enter or exit the sympathetic ganglion?

Exit

Do gray communicating rami enter or exit the sympathetic ganglion?

T1-L2/L3

(Where sympathetic preganglionic fibers are found)

At what levels of the spinal cord would you find white communicating rami?

All levels of the spinal cord

At what levels of the spinal cord would you find gray communicating rami?

Meninges

Three layers of connective tissue that surround and protect CNS

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

Fills the ventricles of the brain and surround the spinal cord

Dura mater

Forms most superficial layer and is located deep to the cranium

Arachnoid mater

deep to dura mater

Pia mater

Deepest layer, which invests the surface of the CNS

Periosteal layer and meningeal layer

What two layers make up the dura mater?

Periosteal layer

Outermost layer of the dura mater that adheres to the cranium and terminates at the level of the foramen magnum

Meningeal layer

Lies deeper than periosteal layer and terminates at the level of 2nd sacral vertebra

Arachnoid trabeculae

Arachnoid mater is connected to the pia mater via very thin strands called

Subarachnoid space

The space occupied by arachnoid trabeculae is called

CSF, spinal roots, blood vessels

The subarachnoid space contains

Denticulate ligaments

Around the spinal cord, pia mater forms lateral extensions called

Prevent side-side movement of spinal cord

What is the purpose of denticulate ligaments?

Pia mater

What is the filum terminale derived from?

Anchors spinal cord inferiorly to the coccyx

What is the purpose of the filum terminale?

Denticulate ligament

What ligament are the arrows pointing to?

Between vertebral column and dura mater

Where is the epidural space located?

Adipose tissue and blood vessels, mainly venous plexus

What is in the epidural space?

Between arachnoid and pia mater

Where is the subarachnoid space located?

Cerebrospinal fluid

A watery substance that flows in the subarachnoid space over the surface of the central nervous system

Buoyancy, reduce weight, shock absorber, removes waste, distributes nutrients

What are the purposes of CSF?

Conus medullaris

Tapered end of the spinal cord