Year 10 Science 2024: Biology

What are Somatic cells?

Somatic cells are BODY CELLS. They are DIPLOID- meaning they have 46 chromosomes, half from the father and half from the mother.

What are Gametes?

Gamete are sex cells- the sperm or ovum (egg). They are HAPLOID- meaning they have 23 chromosomes.

What is mitosis?

When a cell divides, each chromosome is replicated. Then the parent cell is divided into 2 new daughter cells.

What are the phases of mistosis?

Interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase and cytokinesis.

What is interphase?

Interphase is the pre-mitosis phase. Each chromosome synthesizes to produce sister chromatids, attached at the centromere.

What is PROPHASE?

-FIRST phase of mitosis.

-Chromosomes coil together and become visible.

-Nuclear membrane disappears.

-Centrioles move to the edge of the cell.

-Chromatids pair up.

What is METAPHASE?

-SECOND phase of mitosis.

-SPINDLE FIBRES from CENTRIOLES attach to the chromatids, and line them up in the middle of the cell.

What is ANAPHASE?

-Centromeres split in two.

-Centrioles pull the chromatids apart.

-Chromatids become chromosomes.

What is TELOPHASE?

-Nuclear membranes form around the chromosomes.

What is CYTOKINESIS?

-When the two new daughter cells separate.

What is MEIOSIS?

They way a cell divides to produce GAMETES.

What are the phases of meiosis?

-Chromosomes are copied inside the parent cell.

-First division- pairs split.

-Second division produces four daughter cells, each with a haploid number.

What is a ZYGOTE?

A fetilised egg.