APUSH Period 5 (5.10-5.11)

Andrew Johnson

Became president when Lincoln was assassinated. Originally a Southern Democrat, he stayed with the Union during the Civil War and ran with Lincoln in 1864. He opposed radical Republicans who passed Reconstruction Acts over his veto. The first U.S. president to be impeached, he survived the Senate removal by only one vote.

Ulysses S. Grant

18th President of the United States and Civil War hero, he worked to support Reconstruction (15th Amendment, Enforcement Acts) and fight corruption (Whiskey Ring, Credit Mobilier).

Rutherford B. Hayes

19th President during the Gilded Age. He became president because of the Compromise of 1877 and was known for his work to reform the civil service and end Reconstruction.

Lincoln's Reconstruction Plan (10% Plan)

A forgiving Reconstruction plan including: Amnesty to nearly all Southerners, Southern states could form new state governments and rejoin the union once 10% of voters took a loyalty oath, passing the 13th Amendment, and Presidential Pardons for most Confederate leaders.

Johnson's Reconstruction Plan (Presidential Reconstruction)

Lenient toward white Southerners with a goal of quickly restoring Southern states to the union. Required states pass the 13th Amendment and repudiate secession. Quickly offered Presidential Pardons and amnesty, did not protect freedmen's rights or limit the South's implementation of Black Codes.

Congress's Reconstruction Plan (Radical Reconstruction)

Focused on reforming Southern society: Included military rule, state constitutions that included Black suffrage, passing the 14th and 15th Amendments, and the Civil Rights Act of 1866.

13th Amendment

Abolished slavery in the United States.

14th Amendment

Declares that all persons born in the U.S. are citizens and are guaranteed equal protection of the laws.

15th Amendment

Citizens cannot be denied the right to vote because of race, color , or precious condition of servitude.

Civil Rights Act of 1866

Federal law granting citizenship to former slaves; passed over Johnson's veto.

Freedman's Bureau

A federal agency set up to help former slaves after the Civil War. It provided housing, food, healthcare, education, and legal aid.

Sharecropping

A system used on farms in the South after the Civil War. Farmers worked land owned by someone else in return for a portion of the crops. It kept Black families in a cycle of poverty and debt similar to slavery.

Black Codes

Laws denying most legal rights to newly freed slaves; passed by southern states following the Civil War. Ex: vagrancy laws, labor contracts, limiting right to own guns, vote, testify against whites.

Carpetbaggers

A northerner who went to the South immediately after the Civil War; especially one who tried to gain political advantage or other advantages from the disorganized situation in southern states

Scalawags

A derogatory term for Southerners who were working with the North to buy up land from desperate Southerners and help with reconstruction.

Ku Klux Klan

A secret society created by white southerners in 1866 that used terror and violence to keep African Americans from obtaining their civil rights and maintain power in the South.

Civil Rights Act of 1875

A law that required "full and equal" access to public accommodations and jury services - aimed at protecting African Americans.

Redeemers

Southern Democratic politicians who sought to regain control of the South from Republicans who were elected after the Civil War.

Force Acts (1870, 1871)

Passed by Congress following a wave of Ku Klux Klan violence, the acts banned clan membership, prohibited the use of intimidation to prevent Black Americans from voting, and gave the U.S. military the authority to enforce the acts.

Compromise of 1877

Compromise that enables Hayes to take office after the 1876 election in return for the end of Reconstruction