human organism, homeostasis and feedback control

physiology lecture 1

physiology

the study and scientific investigation of the process and function of living things

what is the goal of physiology?

understand normal values of function in the body and be able to predict the body’s response to stimuli

what is structure and function?

structure - anatomy, physiology - function

pathophysiology

studies the causes of abnormal conditions and the structural and functional changes that occur from diseases

exercise physiology

studies the changes in structure and function from exercise

cell physiology

studies the processes in cells

systemic physiology

studies the function of organ systems

chemical level

interaction of atoms that form molecules

what are the 4 tissue levels?

epithelial, connective, muscle and nervous

integumentary system

skin, hair nails and seat glands

what does the integumentary system provide?

protection, regulation of temperature, prevents water loss and helps produce vitamin D

skeletal system

bones, cartilages, ligaments and joints

what does the skeletal system provide?

protection and support, allows movement, produces blood cells and stores minerals and fat

muscular system

muscles attached to skeleton by tendons

what does the muscular system provide?

movement, posture and body heat

lymphatic system

lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, and other lymphatic organs

what does the lymphatic system provide?

removes foreign substances from blood and lymph, combats disease, maintains fluid balance and absorbs fats from digestive tract

respiratory system

lungs and respiratory passages

what the the respiratory system do?

exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide between blood and air and regulates blood ph

digestive system

mouth, esophagus, stomach, intestines and accessory organs

what does the digestive system do?

performs the mechanical and chemical processes of digestion, absorption of nutrients and elimination of waste

nervous system

brain, spinal cords, nervs and sensory receptors

what does the nervous system do?

detects sensations and controls movement, physiological processes and intellectual function

endocrine system

glands that secrete hormones

what does the endocrine system do?

regulatory system that influences metabolism, growth and reproduction

cardiovascular system

heart, blood vessels and blood

what does the cardiovascular system do?

transports nutrients, waste products, gases and hormones throughout the body; plays a role in immune response and regulation of body temp

urinary system

kidneys, bladder and ducts

what does the urinary system do?

removes waste products from the blood and regulates blood ph, ino balance and water balance

reproductive system

varies between female and mal

homeostasis

maintenance of relatively constant conditions in the internal environment of the body

set point

the ideal normal range of a variable

negative feedback mechanism

regulates most system in body by resisting or counteracting a deviation from the set point

receptor

monitors the value of some variable

control center

establishes the set point

effector

can change the value of the variable

stimuli

when a variable deviates from the set point and is detected by a receptor

positive feedback mechanism

when a response to the original stimulus results in the deviation become even freater

are positive feedback mechanisms usual or unusual?

unusual

in what instances do positive feedback mechanisms occur?

blood clotting and processes in the reproductive system