Chapter 7 Nervous System Vocab

Nervous System

Master control and communication of the body and carries messages from brain to rest of the body

Stimuli/Stimulus

A thing or an event that evokes a specific reaction in a organ and tissue

Sensory Input

Monitor changes inside & outside the body

Integration

Process & interpret Sensory input & decide if action is needed (the thinking part)

Motor Output

A response to integrated stimuli

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Brain & Spinal Cord

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Outside the brain & spinal cord

Sensory/Afferent Divison

Nerve Fibers that carry information to the Central Nervous System

Motor/Efferent Divison

Nerve Fibers that carry information away from the Central Nervous System

Somatic Nervous System

Also called Voluntary

Automatic Nervous System

Also called Involuntary

Supporting Cells

Cells are Nonconductive and support the nuerons

Neurons

Nerve Cells

Neuroglia

Nerve Glue CNS cells that are grouped together supports, insulates, protect neurons

Dendrite

Shorter branch extension of nerve cell that conduct impulses toward cell body

Axon

Long threadlike part of nerve cell that conducts impulsed away from cell body

Axon Terminal

Vesicles with neurotransmitters & end of axon

Synapse

Association site between neurons have a gap between impulses pass by

Myelin Sheath

Tight coil of wrapped membranes enclose the axon

White Matter

Myelinated fibers (axons) throughout CNS

Gray Matter

Contains unmyelinated fibers & cell bodies

Reflexes

A rapid response to stimulus & involuntary

Cerebrum

Paired cerebral Hemisphere collectively, most anterior part of the brain

Gyri/Gyrus

Ridge or fold between two clefts of the Cerebral Surface in the brain

Sulci/Sulcus

Groove or furrow especially one and is one the surface of the brain

Fissures

Deeper grooves seperate one lobe from another

Lobes

Roundish & flattish part which is typically divides fissure/sulci with two or more parts

Cerebral Cortex

Outer layer of your brain's surface, located on top of the cerebrum

Corpus Callosum

Large fiber tract that connect to Cerebral Hemisphere

Cerebellum

Part of the brain at the back of skull in vertebraes and is coordinates and regulate muscular activity

Diencephalon

Inter brain that sits atop of brain stem containing Epithalamus, Thalamus, Hpyothalamus, Ventral Thalamus, Third Ventricle

Midbrain

Small part of the brain stem from Mamillary bodies to Pons inferiorly (by nuclei to have)

Brain Stem

Produced programmed automatic behavior necessary to survival

Meinges

Three connective tissue membrane covering and protecting the CNS structure

Dura Mater

Outermost layer double layered membrane and surrounds the brain

Arachnoid Mater

Middle meningal layer and weblike

Pia Mater

Innermost membrane changes into brain & spinal cord following every fold and thinnest

Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

A Watery broth with componets similar to blood plasma from which it forms

Spinal Cord

Glistining white continuation of brain stem, major reflex center

Cranial Nerves

Nerves that serve Head & Neck 12 pairs

Spinal Nerves

Nerve in Dorsal & Ventral roots fused 31 pairs

Sympathetic Divison

Mobilizes during extreme situations (Such as fear, exercise, or rage)

Parasympathetic Divison

Allows the body to “unwind” & conserve energy