PM and the executive

Cabinet limits 

PM can choose loyalists to have presidential style leadership (Thatcher getting rid of dries for wets) and silence critics publicly under collective responsibility Clare Short (2003): Serving as International Development Secretary, Short heavily criticized the government's post-war strategy in Iraq. Because her public criticism breached cabinet solidarity, she eventually resigned rather than face dismissal 

Caninet resignations

-BJ Wes Streeting and secretary for defence resigned which cause Starmer to quit

-Early July 2022, 62 of the United Kingdom's 179 government ministers Boris Johnson

PM limits Lobbyists and party factions

Cameron and Greenshil and Nick Clegg wanting social media restrictions dropped now works for Facebook

Party factions: Conservative split between Brexit, May had to equalise cabinet by having anti Brexit and pro Brexit (BJ Foreign secretary despite critic of May)

Oppositional parties

-Reform won over a thousand seats in May 2026 council elections

-But Labour won nearly 55 per cent and Reform won almost 35 per cent. FPTP Burnham Makerfield by-elections

Individual responsibility

Angela Rayner resignation 2025 from Deputy leader due to failure to pay tax, means people will resign if messed up. But Sunak and BJ never resigned specifically partygate

Collective responsibility

Streeting, Defence secretary and BJ mass resignations

Collective responsibility suspended

The 2016 EU Referendum: Prime Minister David Cameron allowed ministers to openly campaign on opposing sides of the Brexit debate without resigning.  

The 2010–2015 Coalition: Collective responsibility was suspended for specific issues outlined in the Conservative-Liberal Democrat Coalition Agreement, such as the referendum on the Alternative Vote (AV) system.