unit 1 (1491-1607) apush questions

What were native societies like before European invasion/how were natives different than europeans?

-diverse societies based on the environments they lived in

--Religion: Animism (spirits found in animate/inanimate objects )

-Native: Land could not be bought or sold rather could only be used, land was communal / European: Viewed land as something to be conquered, ownership tied to wealth + power

-Native: Women had important roles in religious ceremonies, responsible for household+ agriculture, men hunted, many tribes had matrilineal societies (ancestry + property passed through mother)/ European: women reduced to household/childbearing duties, patriarchal societies=men superior

southwest: Pueblo people, sedentary population, cultivated maize

Great Basin region: Ute people, nomadic, hunter-gatherer

Northwest: chinook, fishing villages, relied on elk, permanent settlements

Mississippi River valley: Cahokia, trade networks, permanent settlements

Northeast: Iroquois, grew maize, squash , beans, lived in longhouses

Causes/How of European exploration

-Northwest passage for asian luxuries

-Gold (mercantilistm), Glory, God

How: new maritime technology such as astrolabe, caravels, lateen sail

What were native societies like before European invasion/how were natives different than europeans?

-diverse societies based on the environments they lived in

--Religion: Animism (spirits found in animate/inanimate objects )

-Native: Land could not be bought or sold rather could only be used, land was communal / European: Viewed land as something to be conquered, ownership tied to wealth + power

-Native: Women had important roles in religious ceremonies, responsible for household+ agriculture, men hunted, many tribes had matrilineal societies (ancestry + property passed through mother)/ European: women reduced to household/childbearing duties, patriarchal societies=men superior

southwest: Pueblo people, sedentary population, cultivated maize

Great Basin region: Ute people, nomadic, hunter-gatherer

Northwest: chinook, fishing villages, relied on elk, permanent settlements

Mississippi River valley: Cahokia, trade networks, permanent settlements

Northeast: Iroquois, grew maize, squash , beans, lived in longhouses

Causes/How of European exploration

-Northwest passage for asian luxuries

-Gold (mercantilistm), Glory, God

How: new maritime technology such as astrolabe, caravels, lateen sail

Effects of European exploration

-Columbian exchange

Virgin of Guadalupe: mix between Catholicism - Virgin Mary + Indigenous beliefs

-Native death due to no immunity against disease→ use of African slaves

-Mestizos: mix raced

-Casta system: social hierarchy where natives + blacks were at the bottom

-Encomienda system: enslaved natives to farm/mine in the Americans in exchange for protection

What was the justification behind European conquering and was there opposition?

-Native Americans were ‘wild’ because they did not follow European practices and needed civilizing

Ex. Native Americans lived in a matriarchal society compared to the Europeans

-Opposition by Bartolome de las Casas who published Destruction of the Indies which exposed the cruel practices of Spain

France colonization

-Better relationship w/ natives as the France’s main purpose was trade not settlement

-Relied on natives for fur trade

-Intermarried w/ natives

-Represents ongoing shift from feudalism to capitalism in western europe